96264942 8655018 1996 07 30 1996 07 30 2000 12 18

0017-0011 67 1 1996 Jan [Effect of fetal and neonatal growth on the occurrence of some diseases in adults] 34-6 The findings of many authors show that reduced fetal growth is followed by increased mortality from cardiovascular disease in adult life. They are further evidence that cardiovascular disease originates, among other risk factors, through programming of the bodies structure and metabolism during fetal and early post-natal life. Wrong maternal nutrition may have an important influence on programming. Katedry i Zakładu Chemii i Analizy Leków, AM w Katowicach. Jendryczko A A Poreba R R pol Journal Article Retracted Publication Review Review, Tutorial Wpływ przebiegu rozwoju płodu i noworodka na ujawnienie sie niektórych chorób okresu dorosłego.

POLAND Ginekol Pol FR3 0374641 IM Ginekol Pol. 1998 Jul;69(7):561 Ginekol Pol 1998 Jul;69(7):559-60 Adult Cardiovascular Diseases etiology mortality Child Development physiology English Abstract Fetal Development physiology Fetal Growth Retardation complications physiopathology Human Infant, Newborn Nutrition Risk Factors Survival Rate 11 97017246 8863847 1996 11 25 1996 11 25 2000 12 18

0026-895X 50 4 1996 Oct Mechanism of extracellular ATP-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. 1000-9 The mitogenic effect of extracellular ATP was examined in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). ATP, 2-methylthio-ATP, and ADP stimulated [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine incorporation and cell growth. AMP, adenosine, UTP, and P2x agonists showed little of these effects. Reactive blue 2, a P2Y purinoceptor antagonist, was effective in suppressing the mitogenic effect of ATP and 2-methylthio-ATP, indicating that extracellular ATP-induced VSMC proliferation is mediated by P2Y purinoceptors. The P2Y purinoceptor activation was coupled to a pertussis toxin (PTX)-insensitive G protein (Gq) and triggered phosphoinositide hydrolysis with subsequent activation of protein kinase C (PKC), Raf-1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in VSMCs. In response to ATP, both 42-and 44-kDa MAPKs were activated, and tyrosine was phosphorylated. Western blot analysis using PKC isozyme-specific antibodies indicated that VSMCs express PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, and PKC-zeta. A complete down-regulation of PKC-alpha and PKC-delta was seen after 24-hr treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. When cells were pretreated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate for 24 hr and subsequently challenged with ATP, Raf-1 activation and 42-kDa as well as 44-kDa MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation failed to be induced. These results demonstrate that ATP-induced Raf-1 and MAPK activations involve the activation of PKC-alpha and PKC-delta. P2Y purinoceptor stimulation with ATP also caused accumulation of c-fos and c-myc mRNAs. Both Reactive blue 2 and staurosporine significantly blocked this increase by ATP. In conclusion, the mitogenic effect of ATP seemed to be triggered by activation of the Gq protein-coupled P2Y purinoceptor that led to the formation of inositol trisphosphate and activation of PKC. PKC and, in turn, Raf-1 and MAPK were then activated, leading eventually to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung College of Medicine and Technology, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. smyu@cguaplo.cgu.edu Yu S M SM Chen S F SF Lau Y T YT Yang C M CM Chen J C JC eng Journal Article Retracted Publication

UNITED STATES Mol Pharmacol NGR 0035623 0 Proto-Oncogene Proteins 0 RNA, Messenger 0 Receptors, Purinergic P2 0 Transcription Factors 10028-17-8 Tritium 50-89-5 Thymidine 56-65-5 Adenosine Triphosphate 7005-03-0 Leucine 9007-49-2 DNA EC 2.7.1.- Protein Kinase C EC 2.7.10 Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases EC 2.7.10.- Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase EC 2.7.10.- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf EC 3.6.1.- GTP-Binding Proteins IM Mol Pharmacol 1997 Mar;51(3):533 Wu D, Yang CM, Lau YT, Chen JC. Mol Pharmacol 1998 Feb;53(2):346 Adenosine Triphosphate pharmacology Animal Aorta cytology drug effects metabolism Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase metabolism Cell Count Cell Division drug effects Cells, Cultured DNA biosynthesis Enzyme Activation Extracellular Space metabolism GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism physiology In Vitro Leucine metabolism Muscle, Smooth, Vascular cytology drug effects metabolism Protein Kinase C metabolism Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf RNA, Messenger metabolism Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Receptors, Purinergic P2 physiology Signal Transduction physiology Stimulation, Chemical Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Thymidine metabolism Transcription Factors biosynthesis Tritium 97096070 8941094 1997 01 02 1997 01 02 2000 12 18

0009-7322 94 11 1996 Dec 1 Assessment of myocardial viability in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Rest-4-hour-24-hour 201Tl tomography versus dobutamine echocardiography. 2712-9 BACKGROUND: To date, late redistribution after resting 201Tl injection has not been evaluated. In addition, the concordance between resting 201Tl imaging and dobutamine echocardiography in identifying viable myocardium has not been assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty patients with coronary artery disease underwent rest-4-hour-24-hour 201Tl tomography and dobutamine echocardiography (5 to 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). Late redistribution occurred in 46 (21%) of 219 persistent defects at 4 hours. Systolic function and contractile reserve were similar among persistent defects at 4 hours with and without late redistribution. Contractile reserve was more frequent in segments with normal 201Tl uptake (59%), completely reversible defects (53%), or mild to moderate defects at 4 hours (56%) compared with severe defects (14%; P < .02 versus all). Of 105 hypokinetic segments, 99 (94%) were viable by 201Tl, and 88 (84%) showed contractile reserve. In contrast, of 155 akinetic segments, 119 (77%) were viable by 201Tl, but only 34 (22%) had contractile reserve. Concordance between 201Tl and dobutamine was 82% in hypokinetic segments but 43% in akinetic segments. In 109 revascularized segments, positive accuracy for functional recovery was 72% for 201Tl and 92% for dobutamine, whereas negative accuracy was 100% and 65%, respectively. Sensitivity was 100% for 201Tl and 79% for dobutamine. CONCLUSIONS: Late redistribution occurs in one fifth of persistent defects at 4 hours, and it does not correlate to systolic function or contractile reserve. Dobutamine and 201Tl yield concordant information in the majority of hypokinetic segments, whereas concordance is low in akinetic segments. Dobutamine demonstrates higher positive accuracy and sensitivity in predicting recovery of dysfunctional myocardium, whereas 201Tl shows higher negative predictive accuracy but reduced positive accuracy. Division of Cardiology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy. Perrone-Filardi P P Pace L L Prastaro M M Squame F F Betocchi S S Soricelli A A Piscione F F Indolfi C C Crisci T T Salvatore M M Chiariello M M eng Journal Article

UNITED STATES Circulation DAW 0147763 0 Thallium Radioisotopes 34368-04-2 Dobutamine AIM IM Circulation. 1995 Dec 1;94(11):2681-4 Circulation. 1996 Dec 1;94(11):2674-80 Circulation. 1996 Dec 1;94(11):2685-8 Circulation. 1997 Oct 21;96(8):2740-2 Aged Cell Survival Chronic Disease Circadian Rhythm Coronary Disease physiopathology radionuclide imaging ultrasonography Dobutamine diagnostic use Echocardiography Follow-Up Studies Heart radionuclide imaging Human Male Middle Age Myocardial Contraction Myocardial Revascularization Rest Systole Thallium Radioisotopes diagnostic use pharmacokinetics Time Factors Ventricular Dysfunction, Left radionuclide imaging therapy ultrasonography 98141546 9482442 1998 03 18 1998 03 18 2000 12 18

0140-6736 351 9101 1998 Feb 14 A woman with nodules in her lungs. 494 Department of Medicine, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland. Järveläinen H H Vainionpää H H Kuopio T T Lehtonen A A eng Journal Article

ENGLAND Lancet L0S 2985213R 0 Powders 7631-86-9 Silicon Dioxide AIM IM Lancet 1998 Jun 27;351(9120):1968 Lancet 1998 Mar 7;351(9104):760 Aged Case Report Female Human Naturopathy Powders Silicon Dioxide administration & dosage Silicosis etiology radiography 98166671 9505772 1998 03 24 1998 03 24 2000 12 18

0007-0912 80 1 1998 Jan Myocardial ischaemia after coronary artery bypass grafting: early vs late extubation. 20-5 The technique of early extubation after coronary artery bypass grafting is increasing in popularity, but its safety and effect on myocardial ischaemia remain to be established. In a randomized, prospective study, patients undergoing routine elective coronary artery bypass grafting were managed with either early or late tracheal extubation. The incidence and severity of electrocardiographic myocardial ischaemia were compared. Data were analysed from 85 patients (43 early extubation; 42 late extubation). Median time to extubation was 110 min in the early extubation patients and 757 min in the late extubation patients. After correction for randomization bias, there were no significant differences between groups in ischaemic burden, maximal ST-segment deviation, incidence of ischaemia and area under the ST deviation-time curve (integral of ST deviation and time). Similarly, there were no differences between groups in postoperative creatine kinase MB-isoenzyme concentrations and duration of stay in the ICU or hospital. Therefore, this study provides evidence for the safety of early extubation after routine coronary artery bypass grafting. Cardiothoracic Centre Liverpool-NHS Trust. Berry P D PD Thomas S D SD Mahon S P SP Jackson M M Fox M A MA Fabri B B Weir W I WI Russell G N GN eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

ENGLAND Br J Anaesth AUO 0372541 IM Br J Anaesth 1998 Apr;80(4):572 Br J Anaesth 1998 Jul;81(1):111 Adult Aged Coronary Artery Bypass adverse effects Electrocardiography Female Human Intubation, Intratracheal methods Male Middle Age Myocardial Ischemia etiology Postoperative Care methods Postoperative Period Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome 98236234 9575322 1998 05 12 1998 05 12 2001 03 23

0002-838X 57 8 1998 Apr 15 Lumbar spine stenosis: a common cause of back and leg pain. 1825-34, 1839-40 Lumbar spine stenosis most commonly affects the middle-aged and elderly population. Entrapment of the cauda equina roots by hypertrophy of the osseous and soft tissue structures surrounding the lumbar spinal canal is often associated with incapacitating pain in the back and lower extremities, difficulty ambulating, leg paresthesias and weakness and, in severe cases, bowel or bladder disturbances. The characteristic syndrome associated with lumbar stenosis is termed neurogenic intermittent claudication. This condition must be differentiated from true claudication, which is caused by atherosclerosis of the pelvofemoral vessels. Although many conditions may be associated with lumbar canal stenosis, most cases are idiopathic. Imaging of the lumbar spine performed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging often demonstrates narrowing of the lumbar canal with compression of the cauda equina nerve roots by thickened posterior vertebral elements, facet joints, marginal osteophytes or soft tissue structures such as the ligamentum flavum or herniated discs. Treatment for symptomatic lumbar stenosis is usually surgical decompression. Medical treatment alternatives, such as bed rest, pain management and physical therapy, should be reserved for use in debilitated patients or patients whose surgical risk is prohibitive as a result of concomitant medical conditions. University Hospitals of Cleveland/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Alvarez J A JA Hardy R H RH Jr eng Journal Article Review Review, Tutorial

UNITED STATES Am Fam Physician 3BT 1272646 AIM IM Am Fam Physician. 1999 Jan 15;59(2):280, 283-4 Diagnosis, Differential Human Low Back Pain etiology Lumbosacral Region Pain etiology Patient Education Spinal Stenosis complications diagnosis physiopathology therapy Teaching Materials 13 98295397 9634358 1998 06 18 1998 06 18 2000 12 18

0022-1899 177 6 1998 Jun Retraction: A rabbit model for human cytomeglovirus--induced chorioretinal disease (J Infect Dis 1993;168:336-44) 1778 Dunkel E C EC Scheer D I DI Zhu Q Q Whitley R J RJ Schaffer P A PA Pavan-Langston D D Whitely R J RJ eng Retraction of Publication

UNITED STATES J Infect Dis IH3 0413675 AIM IM J Infect Dis 1998 Aug;178(2):601 Whitely RJ[corrected to Whitley RJ] Dunkel EC, de Freitas D, Scheer DI, Siegel ML, Zhu Q, Whitley RJ, Schaffer PA, Pavan-Langston D. J Infect Dis 1993 Aug;168(2):336-44 98288599 9626910 1998 08 12 1998 08 12 2000 12 18

0047-1828 62 5 1998 May Hepatitis C virus infection and heart diseases: a multicenter study in Japan. 389-91 As a collaborative research project of the Committees for the Study of Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy, a questionnaire was sent out to 19 medical institutions in Japan in order to examine the possible association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cardiomyopathies. Hepatitis C virus antibody was found in 74 of 697 patients (10.6%) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (mean age, 57.7 years) and in 42 of 663 patients (6.3%) with dilated cardiomyopathy (mean age, 56.5 years); these prevalences were significantly higher than that found in volunteer blood donors in Japan (2.4%, 50-59 years of age, each p<0.0001). The prevalence was significantly higher in patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as opposed to those with dilated cardiomyopathy (p<0.01). The presence of HCV antibody was detected in 650 of 11,967 patients (5.4%) patients seeking care in 5 academic hospitals. Various cardiac abnormalities were found among these patients, arrhythmias being the most frequent. These observations suggest that HCV infection is an important cause of a variety of otherwise unexplained heart diseases. Kyoto University, Japan. Matsumori A A Ohashi N N Hasegawa K K Sasayama S S Eto T T Imaizumi T T Izumi T T Kawamura K K Kawana M M Kimura A A Kitabatake A A Matsuzaki M M Nagai R R Tanaka H H Hiroe M M Hori M M Inoko H H Seko Y Y Sekiguchi M M Shimotohno K K Sugishita Y Y Takeda N N Takihara K K Tanaka M M Yokoyama M M eng Journal Article Multicenter Study

AUSTRALIA Jpn Circ J KGN 7806868 0 Hepatitis C Antibodies IM Heart virology Heart Diseases epidemiology etiology virology Hepatitis C complications Hepatitis C Antibodies blood Hepatitis C-Like Viruses immunology Human Japan epidemiology Middle Age Myocardial Diseases epidemiology etiology virology Myocardium immunology pathology Prevalence Questionnaires Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 98288859 9627170 1998 08 25 1998 08 25 2000 12 18

1435-2443 383 1 1998 Mar Outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock after ICU treatment. 44-8 OBJECTIVE: Today, sepsis syndrome is the leading cause of death in adult, non-coronary intensive care units (ICUs) and is of great clinical importance. The purpose of this review was to evaluate recent prospective studies concerning the short- and long-term prognosis of patients suffering from systemic inflammatory-response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. It has been shown in multicentre prospective surveys that 1% and 0.3% of all patients admitted to hospitals suffer, respectively, from bacteraemia alone and bacteraemia with severe sepsis. This rate increases, of course, when only admissions to the ICUs are considered: the above-mentioned rates increase then by a factor of 8 and 30, respectively. Thus, approximately 10% of patients in the ICU suffer from sepsis, 6% from severe sepsis and 2-3% from septic shock. SIRS occurs more frequently and its occurrence ranges from 40% to 70% of all patients admitted to ICUs. Thereby, 40-70% suffering from SIRS progress to a more severe septic-disease state. The overall prognosis is still poor, despite the recent advances in ICU treatment. The mortality rate of SIRS ranges from 6% to 7% and in septic shock amounts to over 50%. In particular, abdominal sepsis exhibits the highest mortality rate with 72%. The long-term prognosis is equally poor; only approximately 30% survived the first year after hospital admission. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of sepsis and septic shock remains poor, despite the advances in ICU treatment. Although prognostic factors have been identified for some patients, groups have not yet been able to identify the immediate or long-term prognosis for the majority of these septic patients. Department of General Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany. Schoenberg M H MH Weiss M M Radermacher P P eng Journal Article Review Review, Tutorial

GERMANY Langenbecks Arch Surg CW4 9808285 IM Adult Bacteremia mortality therapy Cause of Death Female Human Intensive Care Male Prognosis Prospective Studies Sepsis Syndrome mortality therapy Shock, Septic mortality therapy Surgical Wound Infection mortality therapy Survival Rate 21 99103180 9885794 1999 03 29 1999 03 29 2000 12 18

0893-133X 20 2 1999 Feb Antipsychotic potential of CCK-based treatments: an assessment using the prepulse inhibition model of psychosis. 141-9 Systemic injections of cholecystokinin (CCK), a "gut-brain" peptide, have been shown to modulate brain dopamine function and produce neuroleptic-like effects on such dopamine-regulated behaviors as locomotor activity. However, clinical trials of CCK agonists in schizophrenia patients showed mixed results. To re-examine the antipsychotic potential of CCK-based treatments, we examined systemic injections of CCK analogs in an animal model with strong face and construct validity for sensorimotor-gating deficits seen in schizophrenia patients and with strong predictive validity for antipsychotic drug activity. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) occurs when a weak acoustic lead stimulus ("prepulse") inhibits the startle response to a sudden loud sound ("pulse"). PPI is significantly reduced in schizophrenia patients and rats treated with dopamine agonists. Antipsychotics reverse decreased PPI in rats to a degree highly correlated with their clinical efficacy. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of caerulein (10 micrograms/kg) a mixed CCKA/B agonist, partially reversed amphetamine-induced reduction of PPI; whereas, s.c. haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) totally reversed amphetamine-induced disruption of PPI. Caerulein's effect on PPI was blocked by pretreatment with a CCKA antagonist (devazepide) but not a CCKB antagonist (L-365,260). CCK-4, a preferential CCKB agonist, had no significant effect on PPI. These results suggest that caerulein produces a weak neuroleptic-like effect on PPI that is mediated by stimulation of CCKA receptors. Possible circuities in this effect are discussed. In a separate experiment, s.c. caerulein produced to a more potent neuroleptic-like profile on amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, suggesting that selection of preclinical paradigms may be important in evaluating the antipsychotic potential of CCK-based treatments. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-8620, USA. Feifel D D Reza T T Robeck S S eng Journal Article

UNITED STATES Neuropsychopharmacology ADQ 8904907 0 Antipsychotic Agents 0 Antipsychotic Agents, Butyrophenone 0 Gastrointestinal Agents 0 Receptors, Cholecystokinin 17650-98-5 Caerulein 1947-37-1 Tetragastrin 52-86-8 Haloperidol 9011-97-6 Cholecystokinin IM Animal Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use Antipsychotic Agents, Butyrophenone administration & dosage therapeutic use Behavior, Animal drug effects Caerulein therapeutic use Cholecystokinin physiology Gastrointestinal Agents therapeutic use Haloperidol administration & dosage therapeutic use Injections, Subcutaneous Male Motor Activity drug effects Psychotic Disorders drug therapy psychology Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Receptors, Cholecystokinin antagonists & inhibitors drug effects Startle Reaction drug effects Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Tetragastrin antagonists & inhibitors pharmacology 99078569 9861576 1999 03 29 1999 03 29 2000 12 18

0268-1315 13 6 1998 Nov Cardiac side-effects of two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in middle-aged and elderly depressed patients. 263-7 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the 'new' drugs of first choice for the treatment of depression in the older patient. Systematic studies on the effects of SSRIs on cardiac function are scarce, despite the high prevalence of cardiac disorders in the older depressed patient. This is a study which systematically assessed cardiac function by echocardiography in middle-aged and elderly depressed patients treated with SSRI. In a double-blind randomized trial, 20 patients were assigned to receive fluvoxamine 100 mg/day [corrected] or fluoxetine 20 mg/day [corrected] for 6 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by left ventricle ejection fraction, aortic flow integral and early or passive/late or active mitral inflow, and electrocardiography. Neither SSRI significantly affected cardiac function. Compared with patients without a history of myocardial infarction and/or hypertension, patients with such a history showed a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction. Despite our small study sample, these data indicate that both fluoxetine and fluvoxamine do not affect cardiac function adversely. Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Hospital, The Netherlands. Strik J J JJ Honig A A Lousberg R R Cheriex E C EC Van Praag H M HM eng Clinical Trial Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial

ENGLAND Int Clin Psychopharmacol ICP 8609061 0 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors 54739-18-3 Fluvoxamine 54910-89-3 Fluoxetine IM Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999 Mar;14(2):138 Aged Aged, 80 and over Cardiovascular Diseases chemically induced physiopathology Comparative Study Depressive Disorder complications drug therapy Double-Blind Method Echocardiography Electrocardiography drug effects Female Fluoxetine adverse effects therapeutic use Fluvoxamine adverse effects therapeutic use Human Male Middle Age Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors adverse effects therapeutic use 99204308 10188493 1999 04 13 1999 04 13 2000 12 18

1354-5760 5 8 1998 Dec-1999 Jan Women's health osteopathy: an alternative view. 6-9 Hyne J J eng Journal Article

ENGLAND Nurs Manag (Harrow) B2K 9433248 N Female Great Britain Human Osteopathic Medicine methods State Medicine Women's Health 99201558 10101342 1999 04 15 1999 04 15 2000 12 18

0733-8627 17 1 1999 Feb Evaluation of the patient with extremity trauma: an evidence based approach. 77-95, viii This article reviews relevant literature to provide evidence based guidelines for the evaluation of patients with extremity trauma in the emergency department. The development of clinical decision rules for extremity trauma in the ankle and knee, and guidelines for obtaining postreduction radiographs of shoulder dislocations and nursemaid's elbows are discussed. Division of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Kaufman D D Leung J J eng Journal Article

UNITED STATES Emerg Med Clin North Am EGD 8219565 IM Ankle Injuries etiology radiography therapy Decision Support Techniques Emergencies Extremities injuries radiography Fractures etiology radiography therapy Human Knee Injuries etiology radiography therapy Practice Guidelines Shoulder Dislocation etiology radiography therapy 99128588 9929727 1999 04 28 1999 04 28 2000 12 18

0300-2896 34 11 1998 Dec [Tobacco control in children, adolescents and young people: knowledge, prevention and action] 564 de Granda Orive J I JI Peña Miguel T T Morato Arnáiz A A spa Comment Letter La lucha contra el tabaco en los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes: conocimiento, prevención y actuación.

SPAIN Arch Bronconeumol B0Y 0354720 IM Arch Bronconeumol. 1998 Apr;34(4):199-203 Adolescence Adult Child Female Human Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Male Smoking prevention & control 99183733 10083987 1999 05 11 1999 05 11 2000 12 18

0832-610X 46 2 1999 Feb Complete airway obstruction. 99-104 Crosby E T ET eng fre Comment Editorial

CANADA Can J Anaesth C8L 8701709 0 Anesthetics, Local IM Can J Anaesth. 1999 Feb;46(2):176-8 Airway Obstruction etiology surgery Anesthesiology education Anesthetics, Local administration & dosage Cervical Vertebrae injuries Conscious Sedation adverse effects methods Human Intubation, Intratracheal adverse effects instrumentation methods Laryngoscopes Laryngoscopy adverse effects instrumentation methods Tracheostomy 99199226 10097079 1999 05 12 1999 05 12 2000 12 18

0027-8424 96 7 1999 Mar 30 Thermal adaptation analyzed by comparison of protein sequences from mesophilic and extremely thermophilic Methanococcus species. 3578-83 The genome sequence of the extremely thermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii provides a wealth of data on proteins from a thermophile. In this paper, sequences of 115 proteins from M. jannaschii are compared with their homologs from mesophilic Methanococcus species. Although the growth temperatures of the mesophiles are about 50 degrees C below that of M. jannaschii, their genomic G+C contents are nearly identical. The properties most correlated with the proteins of the thermophile include higher residue volume, higher residue hydrophobicity, more charged amino acids (especially Glu, Arg, and Lys), and fewer uncharged polar residues (Ser, Thr, Asn, and Gln). These are recurring themes, with all trends applying to 83-92% of the proteins for which complete sequences were available. Nearly all of the amino acid replacements most significantly correlated with the temperature change are the same relatively conservative changes observed in all proteins, but in the case of the mesophile/thermophile comparison there is a directional bias. We identify 26 specific pairs of amino acids with a statistically significant (P < 0.01) preferred direction of replacement. Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, B103 Chemical and Life Sciences Laboratory, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Haney P J PJ Badger J H JH Buldak G L GL Reich C I CI Woese C R CR Olsen G J GJ eng GENBANK AF078607 AF078608 AF078609 AF078610 AF078611 AF078612 AF078613 AF078614 AF078615 AF078616 AF078617 AF078618 AF078619 AF078620 AF078621 AF078622 AF078623 AF078624 AF078625 AF078626 AF078627 AF078628 AF078629 AF078630 AF078631 AF078632 AF078633 AF078634 AF078635 AF078636 GM07283 GM NIGMS Journal Article

UNITED STATES Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A PV3 7505876 0 Bacterial Proteins IM Acclimatization Amino Acid Sequence Amino Acid Substitution Bacterial Proteins chemistry genetics Comparative Study Methanococcus genetics metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Protein Conformation Species Specificity Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Temperature 99207838 10192114 1999 06 01 1999 06 01 2000 12 18

0031-7144 54 3 1999 Mar Antimicrobial activity of some Nepalese medicinal plants. 232-4 Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany. Rajbhandari M M Schöpke T T eng Journal Article

GERMANY Pharmazie P4D 9800766 0 Anti-Infective Agents 0 Plant Extracts IM Anti-Infective Agents isolation & purification pharmacology Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects Microbial Sensitivity Tests Nepal Plant Extracts pharmacology Plants, Medicinal chemistry Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 99207839 10192115 1999 06 01 1999 06 01 2000 12 18

0031-7144 54 3 1999 Mar Different kinetics of hydroquinone depletion in various medicinal plant tissue cultures producing arbutin. 234-5 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. Jahodár L L Dusková J J Polásek M M Papugová P P eng Journal Article

GERMANY Pharmazie P4D 9800766 0 Hydroquinones 497-76-7 Arbutin IM Arbutin analysis biosynthesis Flow Injection Analysis Hydroquinones analysis chemistry Kinetics Plants, Medicinal metabolism Tissue Culture 99260591 10331748 1999 06 01 1999 06 01 2000 12 18

0031-9023 79 5 1999 May Looking for the Forrest. 454-5 Rothstein J M JM eng Editorial

UNITED STATES Phys Ther P6W 0022623 AIM IM Empathy Human Knowledge Physical Therapy Professional-Patient Relations Social Change Violence psychology 99260592 10331749 1999 06 01 1999 06 01 2000 12 18

0031-9023 79 5 1999 May Effects of side lying on lung function in older individuals. 456-66 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Body positioning exerts a strong effect on pulmonary function, but its effect on other components of the oxygen transport pathway are less well understood, especially the effects of side-lying positions. This study investigated the interrelationships between side-lying positions and indexes of lung function such as spirometry, alveolar diffusing capacity, and inhomogeneity of ventilation in older individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nineteen nonsmoking subjects (mean age=62.8 years, SD=6.8, range=50-74) with no history of cardiac or pulmonary disease were tested over 2 sessions. The test positions were sitting and left side lying in one session and sitting and right side lying in the other session. In each of the positions, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), single-breath pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO/VA), and the slope of phase III (DN2%/L) of the single-breath nitrogen washout test to determine inhomogeneity of ventilation were measured. RESULTS: Compared with measurements obtained in the sitting position, FVC and FEV1 were decreased equally in the side-lying positions, but no change was observed in DLCO/VA or DN2%/L. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Side-lying positions resulted in decreases in FVC and FEV1, which is consistent with the well-documented effects of the supine position. These findings further support the need for prescriptive rather than routine body positioning of patients with risks of cardiopulmonary compromise and the need to use upright positions in which lung volumes and capacities are maximized. Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Manning F F Dean E E Ross J J Abboud R T RT eng Journal Article

UNITED STATES Phys Ther P6W 0022623 AIM IM Aged physiology Breath Tests Female Forced Expiratory Volume physiology Heart Diseases prevention & control Human Lung Diseases prevention & control Male Middle Age Posture physiology Predictive Value of Tests Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity physiology Spirometry Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Vital Capacity physiology 99176754 10078868 1999 06 09 1999 06 09 2000 12 18

0041-0101 37 2 1999 Feb Bibliography of toxinology. 399-404 eng Bibliography

ENGLAND Toxicon VWT 1307333 0 Toxins IM Toxins