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The Horse: A Mirror of Man: Parallels in Early Human and Horse Medicine banner in red lettering.

Gallery of Images

Disease horse chart showing horse uplifted on its two hind legs with index lines leading from different parts of the horses body to disease names arranged around the edge of the page, from Jacques de Solleysell’s The Compleat Horseman. (London: M. Gillyflower, 1696). NLM Call number: WZ 250 S688pE 1696.

Title page with large woodcut of horse facing left with uplifted right foot, from Laurentius Rusius, Hippiatria (Paris: C. Wechel, 1532). NLM Call number: WZ 240 R955h 1532.

Woodcut illustration of two horses, in upper part of the page is a horse facing left with uplift front left foot and tail, at bottom a horse facing right with all four feet on the ground, from: Laurentius Rusius, Hippiatria (Paris: C. Wechel, 1532). NLM Call number: WZ 240 R955h 1532.

Woodcut disease man chart showing nude male figure facing front but looking to the left with right arm uplifted with lines leading from different body parts to disease names arranged around the edge of the page, from Johannes de Ketham’s Fasiculo de medicina. (Venice: Gregori, 1493). NLM Call number: WZ 230 K43fI 1494.

Woodcut horse zodiac chart showing a horse in the middle of the page facing right with uplifted right foot, with the twelve symbols of the zodiac surrounding it with lines pointing from each to parts of the horses body which are ruled by those constellations, from Martin Arredondo’s Obras de albeyteria (Zaragossa: P. Bueno, 1704). NLM Call number: WZ 260 A781o 1704.

Woodcut zodiac horse illustration showing a horse facing left with lines indicating different parts of the horse body affected by the different zodiac constellations, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Woodcut disease man chart showing male figure facing front with the twelve symbols of the zodiac placed over the body parts which are ruled by each constellation with boxes of text by each zodiac figure describing possible interactions, from Johannes de Ketham’s Fasiculo de medicina. (Venice: Gregori, 1493). NLM Call number: WZ 230 K43fI 1494.

Book open showing on left a disease horse chart with lines leading from different parts of the horses body to numbers indexed on the facing text page from Giovanni Ferraro’s Trattato vtile, e necessario ad ogni agricoltore. (Bologna: Antonio Remondin, 1673). NLM Call number: WZ 250 F3764t 1673.

Woodcut horse illustration showing a horse facing left with a parasitic worm infection on its hind quarters, all surrounded by text, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Woodcut horse illustration showing one horse at the top of the page facing left with an infection on the back of its hind quarters and a horse in the lower portion of the page with a skin disease, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Woodcut horse illustration showing a horse ficing right inhaling a medicated vapor from an urn, with text above and below, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Woodcut bloodletting illustration showing a horse facing left with cuts releasing blood from its face, neck and back hip, all surrounded by text, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Woodcut bloodletting illustration showing a horse facing right with cuts releasing blood from its neck, front legs, and belly, all surrounded by text, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Woodcut bloodletting illustration showing a horse facing right with cuts releasing blood from its face and front legs, all surrounded by text, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Book open showing on left a disease cow chart with lines leading from different parts of the horses body to numbers indexed on the facing text page from Giovanni Ferraro’s Trattato vtile, e necessario ad ogni agricoltore. (Bologna: Antonio Remondin, 1673). NLM Call number: WZ 250 F3764t 1673.

Woodcut bloodletting chart showing a man facing forward with torso and chest open with internal organs splayed out and 48 index lines pointing to different parts of the body indicating points for bloodletting, from Hans von Gersdorff’s Feldtbüch der Wundartzney. (Strassburg: H. Schotten, 1528). NLM Call number: WZ 240 G381f 1528.

Copperplate engraved bloodletting illustration showing a woman, sitting on a bench in the arms of another woman having her right ankle bled with the surgeon applying the lancet, and an assistant is ready with a bowl, from Cintio d’Amato’s Nuoua et vtilissima prattica di tutto quello ch’al diligente barbiero s’appartiene. (Naples: G. Fasulo, 1671). NLM Call number: WZ 250 A488n 1671.

Copperplate engraved bloodletting illustration showing a man, sitting on a bench having his right arm bled with the surgeon applying the lancet, and an assistant is ready with a bowl, from Cintio d’Amato’s Nuoua et vtilissima prattica di tutto quello ch’al diligente barbiero s’appartiene. (Naples: G. Fasulo, 1671). NLM Call number: WZ 250 A488n 1671.

Copperplate engraved bloodletting illustration showing a woman, sitting on a bench in the arms of another woman lying in a bed having her left forearm bled with the surgeon applying the lancet, and an assistant is ready with a bowl, from Cintio d’Amato’s Nuoua et vtilissima prattica di tutto quello ch’al diligente barbiero s’appartiene. (Naples: G. Fasulo, 1671). NLM Call number: WZ 250 A488n 1671.

Copperplate engraved illustration showing the physics of motion of three birds, three fish, and a leaping horse, with comparisons of a squatting man, dog and money, from Giovanni Borelli’s De Motu Animalium. (Rome: A. Bernabo, 1680). NLM Call number: WZ 250 B7315dm 1680.

Copperplate engraved illustration of horse facing right with front right and back left hooves raised and indexed letters and numbers appearing around it’s body referring to text on equine anatomy not shown, from Carlo Brugnone’s La mascalcia o sia, La medicina veterinaria ridotta ai suoi veri principj (Torino: Stamperia Reale, 1774). NLM Call number: WZ 260 B 8955m 1774.

Copperplate engraved illustration of the nervous system of a flayed horse, from Andrew Snape’s The anatomy of an horse. (London: M. Flesher, 1683). NLM Call number: WZ 250 S669a 1683.

Woodcut illustration of the equine nervous system of a flayed horse from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut human venous figure showing a flayed man standing with arms outstretched at his sides, from Andreas Vesalius’ De humani corporis fabrica libri septem. (Basileae: Joannis Oporini, 1543). NLM Call number: WZ 240 V575dh 1543.

Woodcut illustration of a horse’s head facing head-on, flayed with muscles and bones of the skull on display from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustration of a horse’s head facing to the right, flayed with muscles, arteries and bones of the skull on display from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustration of a horse’s hindquarters facing to the left, flayed with muscles, arteries and bones of the hind legs on display from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Copperplate engraved illustration of a horse’s proportions, showing three horses: on the far left the horse is facing forward, in the center the horse is facing left, on the far right the horse is shown from the rear, with caption, “Proporzione del corpo del cavallo”, from Carlo Brugnone’s La mascalcia o sia, La medicina veterinaria ridotta ai suoi veri principj (Torino: Stamperia Reale, 1774). NLM Call number: WZ 260 B 8955m 1774.

Woodcut illustration of a flayed horse standing looking to the left showing detailed musculature, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del cauallo, infermità, et suoi rimedii (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustration of a flayed horse standing looking face on showing detailed musculature, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del cauallo, infermità, et suoi rimedii (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustration of a flayed horse viewed from behind standing, showing detailed musculature, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del cauallo, infermità, et suoi rimedii (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut muscle figure illustration showing a flayed man standing and facing left with right arm uplifted, showing detailed musculature, with dilapidated ancient ruins in the background, from Andreas Vesalius’ De humani corporis fabrica libri septem. (Basileae: Joannis Oporini, 1543). NLM Call number: WZ 240 V575dh 1543.

Woodcut illustration of a horse skeleton facing right with text above in Italian, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Copperplate engraved illustration of five sets of horse teeth in from horses of various ages with headline, “Age of a horse by its teeth,” from Henry Bracken’s Ten minutes advice to every gentleman going to purchase a horse out of a dealer, jockey, or, groom’s stables (London: J. Bell, 1788). NLM Call number: WZ 260 B796tm 1788.

Copperplate engraved illustration of a horse’s proportions, showing three horses: on the far left the horse is shown from the rear, in the center the horse is facing right, on the far right the horse is shown from the front, with caption, “Direzioni de’ membri del cavallo”, from Carlo Brugnone’s La mascalcia o sia, La medicina veterinaria ridotta ai suoi veri principj (Torino: Stamperia Reale, 1774). NLM Call number: WZ 260 B 8955m 1774.

Woodcut illustrations of two horse skulls, the upper skull facing left with jawbone attached the lower facing right without jawbone, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustrations of two horse skulls, both facing forward with the brain of the horse on the right exposed, both horses bridled together stylistically, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustrations of three sets of equine neck vertebrae, bridled together stylistically, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustration of a flayed horse on its back exposing muscles, arteries, and internal organs, with four horseshoes arragned around it’s tail at the bottom of the page, from Giovanni Ferraro’s Trattato vtile, e necessario ad ogni agricoltore. (Bologna: Antonio Remondin, 1673). NLM Call number: WZ 250 F3764t 1673.

Woodcut illustration of the dissection of a horse on its back with two human hands pulling open the abdominal cavity showing internal organs, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustration of the dissection of a female horse on its back with open abdominal cavity showing internal organs, especially the intestines and a placenta, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Copperplate engraved illustrations of horse’s skull on the left with cross section showing sinuses and treatment for glanders on the right with a man’s hands injecting fluid into the horse’s sinus cavity just below its left eye, from Étienne-Guillaume La Fosse’s A treatise upon the true seat of the glanders in horses, together with the method of cure. (London: T. Osborne, 1751). WZ 260 L 168tE 1751.

Woodcut illustration of the dissection of a female horse on its back with open abdominal cavity showing internal organs, especially the intestines and a placenta, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del Cavallo (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustration of a fetal horse attached by umbilical cord to a large complex placenta, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del cauallo, infermità, et suoi rimedii (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Woodcut illustrations of two fetal horses, the upper horse still in its placenta, the lower one outside placenta but still in fetal position with umbilical cord exposed, from Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del cauallo, infermità, et suoi rimedii (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Copperplate engraved illustration of a newborn baby lying on its back with umbilical cord attached to large placenta, from Adriaan van Spiegel’s De Formato Foetu. (Padua: G. B. Martini & L. Pasquatus, 1626). NLM Call number: WZ 250 S755dh 1627.

Title page in Italian with large woodcut printer’s device and red inked cardinal’s device imprinted over it, from Filippo Scacchi’s Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Woodcut author portrait of Filippo Scacchi, a bearded man in 16th-century Italian military uniform with headline motto, “Adsit Principio Virgo Beata Meo,” from his Opera di Mescalzia. (Rome: P. Blado, 1591). NLM Call number: WZ 240 S2772o 1591.

Book open showing on left a woodcut illustration of a horse skeleton with lines leading from different parts of the horse’s body to numbers indexed on the facing text page from Giovanni Ferraro’s Trattato vtile, e necessario ad ogni agricoltore. (Bologna: Antonio Remondin, 1673). NLM Call number: WZ 250 F3764t 1673.

Title page in Italian of Giovanni Ferraro’s Trattato vtile, e necessario ad ogni agricoltore. (Bologna: Antonio Remondin, 1673). NLM Call number: WZ 250 F3764t 1673.

Title page of Henry Bracken’s Ten minutes advice to every gentleman going to purchase a horse out of a dealer, jockey, or, groom’s stables (London: J. Bell, 1788). NLM Call number: WZ 260 B796tm 1788.

Page of text explaining how to determine a horse’s age by looking at its teeth, from Henry Bracken’s Ten minutes advice to every gentleman going to purchase a horse out of a dealer, jockey, or, groom’s stables (London: J. Bell, 1788). NLM Call number: WZ 260 B796tm 1788.

Title page in Italian in red and black ink and large woodcut printer’s device of Carlo Ruini’s Anatomia del cauallo, infermità, et suoi rimedii (Venice: F. Prati, 1618). NLM Call number: WZ 250 R934d 1618.

Title page of Étienne-Guillaume La Fosse’s A treatise upon the true seat of the glanders in horses, together with the method of cure. (London: T. Osborne, 1751). WZ 260 L 168tE 1751.

Page of Greek text by Apsyrtos from his Hippiatrica (Basileae: Valderum, 1537). NLM Call number: WZ 240 H6664 1537.

Title page in Greek and Latin of Apsyrtos’ Hippiatrica (Basileae: Valderum, 1537). NLM Call number: WZ 240 H6664 1537.

| Introduction | Disease, Zodiac, & Bloodletting Charts | Anatomy: Art & Science |
| Physiognomy & Physiology | Embryology & Fetal Development | Gallery of Images |