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A nurse at St. Elizabeths Hospital for the mentally ill in Washington, D.C., monitors patients in continuously flowing baths which were supposed to have a soothing effect on the nerves. Cold packs can also be seen on the heads of patients. Hydrotherapy was one of the innovations at St. Elizabeths which began using it in 1897. Many other types of therapies were also tried, ranging from "moral treatment" in the 19th century that provided congenial, homelike surroundings in which mentally ill patients could learn from the example of healthy attendants to psychoanalysis in the 20th century.
c. 1950
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