Archives and Modern Manuscripts Program, History of Medicine Division
Processed by: Aaron D. Purcell, David Serlin, Christie Mawhinney, and Meghan Attalla; Date completed: 1999; updated 2004; Encoded by: Electronic Scriptorium


Descriptive Summary
	Collection Number:	MS C 496
	Creator	Anfinsen, Christian B. (Christian Boehmer), 1916-1995
	Title	Christian Anfinsen Papers
	Dates:	1939-1999 (bulk 1964-1999)
	Quantity:	16.9 linear feet (43 boxes)
	Abstract:	Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. (1916-1995), was an American biochemist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for work that helped explain the structure and composition of proteins in living cells. The collection consists primarily of materials related to Anfinsen's scientific career and is geared toward Anfinsen's research activities both inside and outside of the laboratory.

Biographical Note

Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr., was born 26 March 1916 in Monessen, Pennsylvania, a small town south of Pittsburgh. His father, Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Sr., was a mechanical engineer; both he and his wife, Sophie Rasmussen Anfinsen, were Norwegian immigrants who taught their children the Norwegian language and heritage. After living for several years in the Pennsylvania town of Charleroi, the family moved to Philadelphia in the 1920s. In 1933, Anfinsen was admitted to Swarthmore College on a scholarship, where he studied chemistry and played football while working as a waiter in the dining hall. The 1937 edition of the Halcyon, the Swarthmore yearbook, described him this way: "With nostrils distended (denoting passion) [Anfinsen] strolls around campus under a mop of flaxen hair looking soulfully at the co-eds with big blue eyes." Reminiscing about his college years in 1964, Anfinsen noted humbly that "Everyone at Swarthmore was a genius except me."

After receiving his B.S. degree in chemistry in 1937, Anfinsen pursued graduate study at the University of Pennsylvania, where he worked toward a M.S. degree in organic chemistry in 1939 while serving as an assistant instructor. In 1939, the American Scandinavian Foundation awarded Anfinsen a fellowship to develop new methods for analyzing the chemical structure of complex proteins, namely enzymes, at the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen, Denmark. The dangerous environment created in Europe after the outbreak of World War Two, however, made it necessary for him to return to the United States in 1940. Alan Schechter, one of Anfinsen's postdoctoral students and later an NIH colleague, observed that Anfinsen "had the chance to see and understand the horrors then gripping Europe. His unusually deep and active sense of social responsibility certainly dated from that period, if not earlier."

In 1941, Anfinsen was offered a university fellowship for doctoral study in the Department of Biological Chemistry at Harvard Medical School. In November of that year, he married his first wife, Florence Bernice Kenenger, with whom he had three children. Anfinsen received his Ph.D. in biochemistry in 1943 after completing his dissertation, "Quantitative Histochemical Studies of the Retina," which also served as the basis of his first article [KKBBJM]. Anfinsen taught courses in biological chemistry at Harvard until 1950.

In 1950, the National Heart Institute, one part of the rapidly expanding National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, recruited Anfinsen as chief of its Laboratory of Cellular Phsyiology. In 1954, a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship enabled Anfinsen to return to the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen for a year with Kaj Linderstrom-Lang, and a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship allowed him to study at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, in 1958-1959.

In 1962, Anfinsen returned to Harvard Medical School as a visiting professor, and was promptly invited to become chair of the Department of Biological Chemistry. The NIH, however, wooed Anfinsen back to Bethesda. He was appointed Chief of the brand-new Laboratory of Chemical Biology at the National Arthritis Institute (now the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases), where he remained until 1981. In 1972, Anfinsen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on the basis of groundbreaking work in protein chemistry that he had conducted since the early 1950s. He shared the prize with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein, both at Rockefeller University.

In 1978, Anfinsen and his wife were divorced. The following year, he married Libby Esther Shulman Ely and converted to Orthodox Judaism, a commitment he retained for the rest of his life. "Although my feelings about religion still very strongly reflect a fifty-year period of orthodox agnosticism," Anfinsen wrote in 1985, "I must say that I do find the history, practice and intensity of Judaism an extremely interesting philosophical package." In 1981, Anfinsen was offered the position of chief scientist of Tatlit, a scientific research company formed by Yeda, the corporate arm of the Weizmann Institute, and the U.S. Investment firm E.F. Hutton. Two weeks after the Anfinsens arrived in Israel, however, E.F. Hutton withdrew its funding from the project, leaving the couple in limbo. Anfinsen "stuck out the forced inactivity for about a year," as he observed a few years later, "but finally, needing some kind of active scientific base, wrote to friends at the Johns Hopkins University." In 1982, the university offered him a senior position as Professor of Biology and Assistant to the President for Industrial Liaison. From 1983 until 1995, Anfinsen's primary research concerned the study of "hypothermophilic bacteria," microorganisms that thrive at extremely high temperatures.

Throughout his distinguished career Anfinsen received numerous professional honors, including memberships in the American Philosophical Society, the Royal Danish Academy, and the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Science. From 1962, he served on the Weizmann Institute's board of governors. He was an editor of the journal Advances in Protein Chemistry and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He also focused considerable energies on a wide range of social and political issues including nuclear disarmament, environmental depredation, and human rights abuses committed against scientists in foreign nations. Aside from his many professional and scientific responsibilities, Anfinsen played viola and piano for relaxation. He was also an avid sailor and took regular excursions on his boat around the Chesapeake Bay and along the eastern seaboard from Boston to Miami. On 14 May 1995, Anfinsen suffered a heart attack and died at Northwest Hospital Center in Randallstown, Maryland, less than a year before his 80th birthday.

Brief Chronology


	1916	Born Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. in Monessen, Pennsylvania (March 26)
	1937	Receives B.S., Swarthmore College
	1939	Receives M.S. (organic chemistry), University of Pennsylvania
	1939-40	Carlsberg Laboratory (Copenhagen), position as Fellow of the American Scandinavian Foundation
	1941	Marries Florence Bernice Keneger; marriage ends, 1978
	1943	Receives Ph.D. (biochemistry), Harvard Medical School
	1943-50	Assistant professor, Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard Medical School
	1944-46	Civilian research position at Harvard for the Office of Scientific Research and Development
	1947-48	Senior Fellow, sponsored by the American Cancer Society, at the Medical Nobel Institutte (Stockholm)
	1950-52	Chief, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, National Heart Institute (NHI), National Institutes of Health [NIH]
	1952-62	Chief, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, NHI
	1954	Rockefeller Fellow, Carlsberg Laboratory (Copenhagen)
	1954-62	Develops "thermodynamic principle" to describe protein folding in enzymes
	1958-59	Guggenheim Fellow, Weizmann Institute of Science (Rehovot, Israel)
	1959	The Molecular Basis of Evolution published
	1962-63	Visiting Professor, Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry
	1963-81	Chief, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases [NIAMD, then NIAMDD, later NIDDK]
	1966-68	Uses affinity chromatography techniques to identify amino acid sequence in enzymes
	1972	Shares Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein
	1973	Begins work on interferon
	1979	Marries Libby Esther Shulman Ely
	1981	Retires from NIH
	1981-82	Weizmann Institute of Science, Visiting Professor of Biochemistry
	1982-95	Professor, Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
	1983	Work on "hypothermophilic bacteria" commences
	1995	Dies of heart attack in Randallstown, Maryland (May 14)
	1996	International Conference on Protein Folding and Design, honoring Anfinsen (April 23-26)

Awards and Prizes

Rockefeller Foundation Public Service Award

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Travel Grant

Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship for Travel

National Science Foundation Travel Award

Weizmann Institute of Science (Rehovot, Israel), Honorary Fellow

All Souls College, Visiting Fellow

American Society of Biological Chemists, President

Nobel Prize in Chemistry (with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein)

National Library of Medicine Medal

William Lloyd Evans Memorial Award, Ohio State University

Editorial Boards

Advances in Protein Chemistry, Editor

Biopolymers

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Honorary Degrees

Adelphi University

Brandeis University

Georgetown University

Gustavus Adolphus College

New York Medical College

Providence College

Swarthmore College

University of Las Palmas (Canary Islands)

University of Naples

University of Pennsylvania

Yeshiva University

Lectureships

Baird Hastings Memorial Lecture, Harvard Medical School

EMBO Lecturer for Sweden

Harvey Lecture?

Jubilee Lecture, British Biochemical Society

Kelly Lecture, Purdue University

Kempner Lectureship, University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston)

Leon Lecture, University of Pennsylvania

Mathers Lectures, Indiana University (Bloomington)

Naff Lectures, University of Kentucky (Lexington)

Memberships

American Academy of Arts and Sciences

American Philosophical Society

American Society of Biological Chemists

National Academy of Sciences

National Institute on Aging, board of scientific counselors

Pontifical Academy of Science

Royal Danish Academy

Professorships

Center of Marine Biotechnology (University of Maryland), faculty affiliate

Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry

Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology

Return to the Table of Contents

Collection Summary

The collection consists primarily of materials related to Anfinsen's scientific career and is geared toward Anfinsen's research activities both inside and outside the laboratory. These scientific materials include professional correspondence with organizations or individuals, mostly from the 1980s; a long run of laboratory notebooks from 1961-1981, with most of the material by individuals other than Anfinsen; a collection of Anfinsen's publications from the 1950s to the 1990s; and a photographic collection containing portraits of Anfinsen's colleagues and an assortment of slides used for his scientific publications and lectures. Aside from a small number of clippings and articles, the collection contains few materials related to Anfinsen's receiving the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

The collection also contains a small series of personal and biographical information. Most of this material includes biographical sketches, articles, and items related to several memorial services held for Anfinsen. During his leisure time Anfinsen spent many hours sailing, and the collection contains a few sailing logs and photographs from various excursions.

Nearly half of the collection consists of Anfinsen's professional correspondence files from the 1960s to the 1990s related to his scientific activities. Another one-third of the collection is made up of laboratory notebooks from the late-1960s and 1970s. The rest of the materials consist of publications, slides, photographs, and biographical materials. The bulk of the materials in the collection thus came from the late-1960s to the early 1990s. Despite the small amount of early materials and Nobel Prize related items, this collection effectively documents Anfinsen's late 1960s - 1970s laboratory work and professional activities.

Return to the Table of Contents

Restrictions

Collection is not restricted. Contact the Reference Staff for information regarding access. For online customer service, please visit custserv@nlm.nih.gov.

Copyright

Copyright to the collection was trensferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details regarding rights. For online customer service, please visit custserv@nlm.nih.gov.

Return to the Table of Contents


Index Terms
	These terms are indexed in the National Library of Medicine's online catalog LocatorPlus. Researchers wishing to find related materials should search the catalog using these terms.
	MeSH Subjects
		Amino Acid Sequence
		Chromatography
		Genetics, Biochemical
		Human Rights
		Interferons
		Peptides
		Plasmodium knowlesi
		Protein Conformation
		Thermococcaceae
	Corporate Names
		Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition Symposium
		American Philosophical Society
		American Scandinavian Foundation
		Carlsbergfondet, Copenhagen
		Committee of Concerned Scientists
		Harvard Medical School
		Johns Hopkins University
		National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
		National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U.S.)
		National Institute of Health (U.S.)
		National Institute on Aging (U.S.)
		Swarthmore College
		University of Pennsylvania
		Weizmann Institute of Science

Return to the Table of Contents

Administrative Information

Alternate Forms Available

Portions of the Collection have been digitized and are available at: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov

Preferred Citation

Anfnsen, Christian. Christian Anfinsen papers. 1939-1999. Located in: Modern Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.; MS C 496.

Provenance

Gift of Libby Anfinsen; received between 1998 and 1999. Materials found in boxes 41 and 42 are copies of two- and three-dimensional commemorative items Libby Anfinsen temporarily loaned to the National Library of Medicine in 2004.

Return to the Table of Contents

Series Descriptions



Series I: Personal and Biographical, 1939-1999 0.5 linear feet
	This series contains materials related to the personal life of Christian Anfinsen. This small series consists of four subseries covering biographical reminiscences, articles about Anfinsen, awards, and sailing. There is little on Anfinsen's childhood or pre-college years. Instead, much of the material in this series recalls Anfinsen's accomplishments as a scientist through various biographical sketches and dedications. These items are primarily from the 1970s through the mid-1990s. In addition to scientific biographical information, the sailing materials in this series reveal aspects of Anfinsen's favorite leisure activity. Other personal accounts from life outside of the laboratory are few.




	The first subseries contains biographical sketches, curricula vitae, and several folders of material from memorial services following Anfinsen's death in 1995. The second subseries includes various articles about Anfinsen's life, mostly focusing on his scientific accomplishments. These accounts include a 1964 article by Anfinsen describing his college years at Swarthmore, Nobel Prize articles, and assorted clippings spanning the 1970s through the 1990s. The next subseries is a small collection of awards, some of which are kept with the oversize materials. The fourth subseries consists of materials documenting Anfinsen's favorite leisure activity, sailing. When outside of the laboratory, Anfinsen spent many hours sailing, and this subseries contains sailing logs, sailing charts, and details sailing his ship the Good Girl. Photographs from several sailing excursions as well as other personal images can be found in the photographs and slides series.




Box	Folder
		Biographical, 1995-1999; n.d.

1	1		Biographical Sketches
1	2		Curricula Vitae
1	3		Genealogy chart of scientists
1	4		Who's Who Correspondence
1	5		Albert Einstein Quote Kept by Anfinsen
41	1		Curriculum vitae, [1995]
1	6		Eulogy Remarks, 16 May 1995
1	7		Memorial Service, Johns Hopkins University, 10 September 1995
1	8		Memorial Garden Dedication, Weizmann Institute, November 1995
1	9		Christian Anfinsen Memorial, 22 April 1996
1	10		In Memoriam Address, Pontifical Academy of Science, 22 October 1996
1	11		Obituaries
41	2		Biographical memoir, December 1996
41	3		Historical marker, 1 October 1999
		Articles about Anfinsen, 1951-1996

41	4		The NIH Record, 5 March 1951
41	5		Newspaper clippings, 1953-1979
41	6		Swarthmore College Bulletin, May 1960
41	7		Medical World News, 12 October 1962
1	12		Swarthmore Remembered, 1964
41	8		NIH publication, 1965
41	9		The NIH Record, 13 June 1967
1	13		Nobel Prize, 1972
1	14		Swarthmore College Bulletin, Alumni Issue, December 1972
1	15		Articles, 1973-1987
41	10		Swarthmore College class of 1937 reunion, April 1987
1	16		Articles, 1990-1996
1	17		Newspaper clippings, 1970-1995
		Awards, Honors, and Lectures, 1963; 1980; n.d.

41	11		Sigma Xi, 18 January 1939
41	12		American Scandinavian Foundation, 6 May 1939
41	13		Sports Illustrated Silver Anniversary All-America Award, December 1961
Map Drawer 7			Election to the National Academy of Sciences, 23 April 1963
41	14		Purdue University lecture, March 1964
41	15		NIH lecture, 21 October 1964
42	1		Honorary degrees, 1965-87
42	2		Department of Health, Education, and Welfare service awards, [n.d.], 9 April 1965
41	16		Georgetown University commencement, 5 June 1967
41	17		New York Medical College commencement, 3 June 1969
42	3		Weizmann Institute honorary fellowship, November 1969
42	4		Nobel Prize diploma, 10 December 1972
41	18		Congratulatory correspondence [Nobel Prize], October-November 1972
41	19		American Philosophical Society membership, 25 April 1975
41	20		Nobel conference, 1-2 October 1975
40			William Lloyd Evans Memorial Award, Ohio State University [portfolio], 1980
41	21		Albany Medical College award and citation, March 1984
41	22		Adelphi University citation and photograph, 17 May 1987
41	23		Pioneer in Science Award, 29 April 1990
42	5		Morris Brown College award, April 1991
42	6		Ira Pastan and Harold E. Varmus NIH posters, 1993-1995
Map Drawer 7			NIH Scientist Emeritus, n.d.
		Sailing, 1972-1989

1	18		Allied Boat Company
1	19		Bermuda Sailing Chart
			Sailing Logs, 1972-1989

1	20			Ocean Passage, 1972
1	21			Sailing Route From North Carolina to South Carolina, November 1973
1	vol.			Government Notebook, November 1974
1	vol.			Government Notebook, October 1977
1	22			Account of Dismasting, [ca. 1989]

Return to the Table of Contents



Series II: Correspondence, 1965-1999 5.8 linear feet
	The material in this series consists of Anfinsen's professional correspondence with individuals and organizations, discussing a wide range of subjects. Although there are some files from the late-1960s and 1970s, the majority come from the last decade and a half of Anfinsen's life, after he retired from NIH and had become a professor at Johns Hopkins University. Divided into four subseries, alphabetical, chronological, recommendations, and peer reviews, the arrangement reflects Anfinsen's filing system. The content of this series reflects Anfinsen's professional activities outside of the laboratory. The files contain materials from various conferences, including lecture notes and class notes from his tenure with Johns Hopkins University. Some files document his support of certain political and humanitarian causes, such as Committee of Concerned Scientists. Correspondence with the Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel) and the other editors of "Advances in Protein Chemistry" shows his longtime association with both endeavors. This series contains chronological files that provide ample documentation of Anfinsen's many correspondents. As an editor and scholar, Anfinsen collected a number of recommendation files and peer reviews. Because of their sensitive nature, some of these items in this series are restricted.




	The alphabetical files make up the first of the four subseries. Retaining their alphabetical order, these files refer to Anfinsen's correspondence with organizations, individuals, events, places, or other subjects. The larger topics covered include humanitarian work, conference materials, affiliations with private businesses, patent applications, editorial board responsibilities, and work with several colleges and universities. This subseries also contains several name files, but the second subseries, the chronological files provides fuller documentation of Anfinsen's many correspondents. These files begin in the mid-1960s and conclude with correspondence from Libby Anfinsen, dating from 1995-1999. There is no name index but some of the correspondence is duplicated in the first subseries. The third subseries contains alphabetically arranged recommendation letters from Anfinsen in support of colleagues or students. The fourth subseries consists of alphabetically files containing peer reviews. These files include Anfinsen's peer reviews for "Advances in Protein Chemistry" and other journals, as well as peer review of his own publications. All of the four subseries contain some restricted material.




Box	Folder
		Alphabetical Files, 1983-1991

2	1		ABC [American Business Cancer] Research Foundation, 1983-1986
2	2		ABC [American Business Cancer] Research Foundation, 1987-1988
2	3		Academic Press, 1983-1991
2	4		Adelphi University, 1984-1987
			Advances in Protein Chemistry

2	5			1983-1984
2	6			1985 March - September
2	7			1985 November - December
2	8			1986
2	9			1987 January-June
2	10			1987 July-December
2	11			1988 January-April
2	12			1988 May-July
2	13			1988 August
2	14			1988 September-December
3	1			1989 January-June
3	2			1989 July-December
3	3			1990 January-April
3	4			1990 May-June
3	5			1990 July-December
3	6			1991-1995
3	7		Advances in Protein Seminar, Fall 1991
3	8		Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition Symposium, 1983
3	9		Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition Symposium, 1987
3	10		Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition Symposium, 1991
3	11		Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition Symposium, 1995
3	12		American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Symposium in Honor of John Edsall, 31 October 1992
3	13		American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1988
3	14		American Cyanamid Company, 1985
3	15		American Federation of Labor, 1984
3	16		American Peptide Society, 1990
3	17		American Philosophical Society, 1976-1994
3	18		American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1991
3	19		Annenberg Hazen Workshop, Aspen, July-August 1984
3	20		Baird Hastings Lectures, 1983-1993
3	21		Bar-Ilan University, 1984-1990
3	22		Bard College, 1983-1990
4	1		Biological Research Support Grants Committee, 1984-1990
4	2		Brooklyn College Lecture, 23 March 1988
4	3		Celebrating the Mentors Symposium, NIH, March 1987
4	4		Center for History of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania [part 1], 1981-1983
4	5		Center for History of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania [part 2], 1981-1983
4	6		Center for History of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania [part 3], 1981-1983
4	7		Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland, 1988-1991
4	8		Cohen, Jack, 1990
4	9		Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc., 1983-1990
4	10		Committee of 100 for Tibet, 1991-1992
4	11		Congressional Names and Addresses, 1985
4	12		Contributions of Chemical Biology to the Biomedical Sciences Symposium, NIH, 30-31 March 1981
4	13		Cornell University, Lecture, October 1993
4	14		Current Comments, 1981-1985
			Daltex Medical Sciences, Inc., 1984-1995

4	15			1984-1989
4	16			1990 March-May
4	17			1990 June-November
4	18			1991
4	19			1992-1995
4	20		Dupont, 1983-1984
5	1		Paul Ehrlich Lecture, NIH, n.d.
5	2		Erikson, R.L., 1985
5	3		Federation of American Scientists, 1990
5	4		Georgetown University, Honorary Degree, 1967
5	5		Goldberger, Robert F., 1988-1989
5	6		Gordon Research Conference, Newport, 1989
5	7		Goteborg Lecture, Thermophiles Seminar, 3 December 1991
5	8		Gustavus Adolphus College, 1982-1983
5	9		Harvard Medical School, 1990
5	10		Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1987
5	11		Human Genome Project, 1988-1993
5	12		Human Rights Committee, 1980-1983
5	13		Human Rights Committee, 1984-1989
5	14		Industrial Liaison, 1984
5	15		Institute for Research on Aging, 1984-1991
5	16		Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 1989
5	17		International Conference on Protein Folding and Design, NIH, 23-26 April 1996
5	18		International Congress of Biochemistry, Jerusalem, 4-9 August 1991
5	19		International Symposium on Advances in Medicine, Las Palmas, 1993
5	20		Japan, 1984-1988
5	21		Jewish National Fund, Trees for Israel, 1995
			Johns Hopkins University, 1978-1995

5	22			Classes and Class Notes, 1978-1995
5	23			Department of Biology, 1983
5	24			Laboratory Equipment 1985-1989
5	25			Laboratory Grants, 1986-1990
5	26			Laboratory Safety Report, 1985
5	27			Students and Student Work, 1988
5	28		Journal of Molecular Recognition, 1987
5	29		Komoryia, Akira, 1983-1986
5	30		Kon-kuk University Lectures, Korea, 1988
5	31		Lasker Medical Research Awards, 1984
6	1		Lectures and Lecture Notes, 1983-1991
6	2		Lectures and Lecture Notes, undated
6	3		Limited Partnership, 1984-1985
			Lindau, Meeting of Nobel Laureates, 1989-1995

6	4			1989
6	5			1990
6	6			1993
6	7			1995
6	8		Luxembourg Television, International Medica Productions, 1990
6	9		Frank Mathers Lectureship in Chemistry, Indiana University, 1974
6	10		Millenium Committee of New York, 1997-1999
6	11		Misrock, Leslie, 1985-1986
6	12		National Academy of Sciences, 1984-1992
6	13		National Cancer Institute, 1984
			National Institute on Aging, 1989-1990

6	14			1989 May-September
6	15			1989 October-December
6	16			1990 January-May
6	17			1990 July-October
6	18		National Institutes of Health, Alumni Association, 1988
6	19		National Science Foundation, 1989-1995
6	20		New York Medical College, Honorary Degree, 1969
6	21		Nobel Committee, 1985-1994
6	22		Nominations
6	23		Novo Industries, 1989-1990
7	1		Office of Naval Research, 1986
7	2		Partners in the Research Enterprise Conference, University of Pennsylvania, December 1982
			Patents, 1984-1995

7	3			1984-1985
7	4			[part 1], 1988
7	5			[part 2], 1988
7	6			1989-1990
7	7			1991
7	8			1992 January-July
7	9			1992 August-December
7	10			1993 January-June
7	11			1993 July-December
7	12			1994 January-May
7	13			1994 June-December
7	14			1995
8	1		Perkin-Elmer University Donation Program, 1985
8	2		Photographs Requested, 1983-1988
8	3		Ponnamperuma, Cyril, 1991
8	4		Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 1981-1990
8	5		Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 1994
8	6		Price, Charles, 1983-1989
8	7		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1987-1988
8	8		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1990-1995
8	9		Protein Engineering Symposium, Stony Brook, New York [part 1], May 1985
8	10		Protein Engineering Symposium, Stony Brook, New York [part 2], May 1985
8	11		Protein Research Symposium, Taiwan, December 1993
8	12		The Protein Society, 1989-1995
			Receptron, Inc., 1988-1994

8	13			1988-1992
8	14			1993 January-April
8	15			1993 June-September
8	16			1994
8	17		Reunion of Nobel Laureates, Paris, January 1988
8	18		Alexander Rich Symposium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 1994
8	19		Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, 1983-1987
8	20		Sakharov Committee, 1985
8	21		Scientists Role in American Society, Lecture, Pomona College and Claremont College, California, n.d.
8	22		Shulman, Seth, 1989
8	23		Theobald Smith Award, 1984
8	24		Stetten, DeWitt, Jr., 1979-1983
8	25		Swarthmore College, 1964-1985
8	26		Taiwan, Lecture, 1988
9	1		Takara Biomedicals, 1991-1993
9	2		Trends in International Collaboration and Movement of Bioscientists, NIH, 1983
9	3		Union of Concerned Scientists, ca. 1975
9	4		University of Chicago Press, 1985
9	5		University of Naples, Lecture, October 1994
9	6		University Science Partners, 1986-1987
9	7		Francis Preston Venable Lecture, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27 February 1969
			Weizmann Institute, 1983-1991

9	8			1983-1985
9	9			1986-1987
9	10			1988-1991
9	11			Association of Friends Meeting, Germany, 1983
9	12			Honors Committee, 1985-1987
9	13		Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity, 1987-1990
9	14		Young, Michael, 1993-1994
9	15		Zichini, Antonio, 1988-1990
		Chronological Files, 1965-1999

9	16		1965-1969
9	17		1970-1973
9	18		1974-1976
9	19		1977-1978
9	20		1979-1981
10	1		1982
10	2		1983 February-June
10	3		1983 July-August
10	4		1983 September-December
10	5		1984 January-March
10	6		1984 April-June
10	7		1984 July-October
10	8		1984 November-December
10	9		1985 January-March
10	10		1985 April-July
10	11		1985 August-December
10	12		1986 January-February
10	13		1986 March-May
10	14		1986 June-December
11	1		1987 January-March
11	2		1987 April-June
11	3		1987 July-August
11	4		1987 September-October
11	5		1987 November-December
11	6		1988 January-February
11	7		1988 March-April
11	8		1988 May
11	9		1988 June
11	10		1988 July
11	11		1988 August
11	12		1988 September-October
12	1		1988 November
12	2		1988 December
12	3		1989 January-February
12	4		1989 March-May
12	5		1989 June-August
12	6		1989 September
12	7		1989 October-December
12	8		1990-1993
12	9		1994-1995
12	10		1996-1999
		Recommendation Files

13	1		A
13	2		B
13	3		C
13	4		D
13	5		E
13	6		F
13	7		G
13	8		Ha
13	9		Ho
13	10		I-J
13	11		Johns Hopkins University Medical School
14	1		K
14	2		La
14	3		Le-Lu
14	4		Ma
14	5		Mo
14	6		N-O
14	7		Pa
14	8		Pe-Po
14	9		R
14	10		Sch [part 1]
14	11		Sch [part 2]
14	12		Se-Sw
14	13		T-U-V
14	14		W-X-Y-Z
		Peer Reviews

15	1		Appella, Ettore
15	2		Chen, Thomas
15	3		Colwell, Rita
15	4		Edidin, Michael
15	5		Englander, Walter
15	6		Funakoshi, Susuma
15	7		Huang, P.C.
15	8		Laderman, Kenneth
15	9		Maier, Robert
15	10		Meltzer, Stephen
15	11		Moudrianakis, Van
15	12		Ohno, Motonori
16	1		Pecht, Israel
16	2		Porath, Jerker
16	3		Rosenberg, Steven
16	4		Rotter, Varda
16	5		Tsang, Tom
16	6		Vallee, Bert
16	7		Youle, Richard

Return to the Table of Contents



Series III: Laboratory Notes and Notebooks, 1959-1985 3.6 linear feet
	This series contains approximately 40 laboratory notebooks and a few loose laboratory notes. Although these scientific notes come from Anfinsen's laboratory or from his colleagues, only a few are in Anfinsen's hand. The materials come from the late-1960s and extend into the early 1980s. These notes document various scientific experiments such as studies on chromatography, electrophoresis, and interferon assays. Since only a few of the notebook binders had names on the binder and nearly all items were dated, the series was arranged chronologically. For preservation considerations, materials were removed from binders and put into folders. Some of the items are fragile and should be handled with extra care. These notebooks provide important documentary evidence of Anfinsen's forty-year scientific career.




Box	Folder
17	1	Chromatography Experiments, 1959-1965
17	2	[part 1], 1966
17	3	[part 2], 1966
17	4	Synthesis w/Tyrosine [part 1], 1966
17	5	Synthesis w/Tyrosine [part 2], 1966
17	6	Synthesis w/Tyrosine [part 3], 1966
17		1966
17	7	A.A.A., Rotary Dispersion, Analysis [part 1], 1966-1967
17	8	A.A.A., Rotary Dispersion, Analysis [part 2], 1966-1967
17	9	A.A.A., Rotary Dispersion, Analysis [part 3], 1966-1967
17	10	[Motonori] Ohno [Book] B, ca. 1966-1967
17	11	'67 [part 1], 1967
17	12	'67 [part 2], 1967
17	13	'67 [part 3], 1967
17	14	'67 [part 4], 1967
18	1	'67 Concurrent Data and Summary of Peptides, 1967
18	2	Merrifield '67 [part 1], 1967
18	3	Merrifield '67 [part 2], 1967
18	4	Merrifield '67 [part 3], 1967
18	5	Merrifield '67 [part 4], 1967
18	6	Merrifield '67 [part 5], 1967
18	7	[Motonori] Ohno Book C [part 1], 1967
18	8	[Motonori] Ohno Book C [part 2], 1967
18	9	1967 [Motonori] Ohno [Book] I [Part 1], 1967
18	10	1967 [Motonori] Ohno [Book] I [Part 2], 1967
18	11	1967 [Motonori] Ohno [Book] I [Part 3], 1967
18	12	1967 [Motonori] Ohno [Book] I [Part 4], 1967
18	13	'68 [part 1], 1968
19	1	'68 [part 2], 1968
19	2	'68 [part 3], 1968
19	3	'68 [part 4], 1968
19	4	'68 [part 5], 1968
19	5	'68 [part 6], 1968
19	6	'68 [part 7], 1968
19	7	'68 [part 8], 1968
19	8	'68 [part 9], 1968
19	9	P2 Experiment, [ca. 1968]
19	10	St.Aureus M - '68 [part 1], 1968
19	11	St.Aureus M - '68 [part 2], 1968
19	12	St.Aureus M - '68 [part 3], 1968
19	13	"The Wind Up: M- on Fogg: Media", ca. 1968
20	1	Miscellaneous Experiments, 1968-1969
20	2	Synthesis of B-Poc Amino Acids, [ca. 1969]
20	3	[Motonori] Ohno [Book] E - '69-'70 [part 1], 1969-1970
20	4	[Motonori] Ohno [Book] E - '69-'70 [part 2], 1969-1970
20	5	'70 - '71 [part 1], 1970-1971
20	6	'70 - '71 [part 2], 1970-1971
20	7	'70 - '71 [part 3], 1970-1971
20	8	'70 - '71 [part 4], 1970-1971
20	9	'70 - '71 [part 5], 1970-1971
20	10	'70 - '71 [part 6], 1970-1971
20	11	'70 - '71 [part 7], 1970-1971
20	12	'72 Fox [part 1], 1972
20	13	'72 Fox [part 2], 1972
21	1	'72 Fox [part 3], 1972
21	2	Interferon '72 [part 1], 1972
21	3	Interferon '72 [part 2], 1972
21	4	Interferon '72 [part 3], 1972
21	5	Interferon '72 [part 4], 1972
21	6	'73 [part 1], 1973
21	7	'73 [part 2], 1973
21	8	'73 [part 3], 1973
21	9	Interferon #2 '73 [part 1], 1973
21	10	Interferon #2 '73 [part 2], 1973
21	11	Interferon #2 '73 [part 3], 1973
21	12	Interferon #2 '73 [part 4], 1973
21	13	Sheep Book '73 [part 1], 1973
21	14	Sheep Book '73 [part 2], 1973
21	15	Vilcek V1-V7, ca. 1973
22	1	991-31 - 991-83 Loose Lab Notes, [part 1], 1973-1974
22	2	991-31 - 991-83 Loose Lab Notes, [part 2], 1973-1974
22	3	991-31 - 991-83 Loose Lab Notes, [part 3], 1973-1974
22	4	IF (Chuck) '74 [part 1], 1974
22	5	IF (Chuck) '74 [part 2], 1974
22	6	IF (Chuck) '74 [part 3], 1974
22	7	3H IF I (Vilcek) 1974 [part 1], 1974
22	8	3H IF I (Vilcek) 1974 [part 2], 1974
22	9	3H IF I (Vilcek) 1974 [part 3], 1974
22	10	*IF II (Vilcek) 1974 [part 1], 1974
22	11	*IF II (Vilcek) 1974 [part 2], 1974
22	12	'74 IF III, 1974
22	13	UR - 1 1974 [part 1], 1974
22	14	UR - 1 1974 [part 2], 1974
22	15	IF (Havell) IV, 1974-1975
22	16	'75 [part 1], 1975
22	17	'75 [part 2], 1975
23	1	'75 [part 3], 1975
23	2	'75 [part 4], 1975
23	3	'76 P.J.B. Electrophoresis Gells etc. [part 1], 1976
23	4	'76 P.J.B. Electrophoresis Gells etc. [part 2], 1976
23	5	'76 P.J.B. Electrophoresis Gells etc. [part 3], 1976
23	6	'76 P.J.B. Electrophoresis Gells etc. [part 4], 1976
23	7	Tabor '76 [part 1], 1976
23	8	Tabor '76 [part 2], 1976
23	9	UR 5 '76 [part 1], 1976
23	10	UR 5 '76 [part 2], 1976
23	11	'77, 1977
23	12	'77 [part 1], 1977
23	13	'77 [part 2], 1977
23	14	'78 [part 1], 1978
23	15	'78 [part 2], 1978
23	16	'78 IF Assays Results [part 1], 1978
24	1	'78 IF Assays Results [part 2], 1978
24	2	'78 IF Assays Results [part 3], 1978
24	3	P.B.J. vol. 1 [part 1], April '78 - March '79
24	4	P.B.J. vol. 1 [part 2], April '78 - March '79
24	5	P.B.J. vol. 1 [part 3], April '78 - March '79
24	6	P.B.J. vol. 1 [part 4], April '78 - March '79
24	7	P.B.J. vol. 1 [part 5], April '78 - March '79
24	8	P.B.J. vol. 1 [part 6], April '78 - March '79
24	9	[part 1], 1979
24	10	[part 2], 1979
24	11	[part 3], 1979
24	12	[part 4], 1979
24	13	[part 5], 1979
24	14	[part 6], 1979
24	15	IF Vol. 2 ISM [part 1], March '79
25	1	IF Vol. 2 ISM [part 2], March '79
25	2	IF Vol. 2 ISM [part 3], March '79
25	3	'79 NIHG-25/Affinity Started 4/79 [part 1], 1979
25	4	'79 NIHG-25/Affinity Started 4/79 [part 2], 1979
25	5	Hyb[rid] RNAse '79, 1979
25	6	'79 Radioactivity Records [part 1], 1979
25	7	'79 Radioactivity Records [part 2], 1979
25	8	[part 1], 1980
25	9	[part 2], 1980
25	10	[part 3], 1980
25	11	Sequencing Exp[eriment], 1980
25	12	Analytical Gel, 1 July 1981
25	13	Glycosidases Study, 1981
25	14	Interferon Assays [part 1], 1981
25	15	Interferon Assays [part 2], 1981
25	16	Loose Miscellaneous Lab Notes, 1963-1985

Return to the Table of Contents



Series IV: Reprints and Research Publications, 1950-1993 2.0 linear feet
	This series is divided into two subseries: the scientific publications of Anfinsen and those of his close colleagues. These publications begin in the 1950s and reach into the 1990s. Along with copies of nearly two hundred Anfinsen reprints, this series includes his Nobel address, abstracts, and drafts of articles. The reprints are arranged by Anfinsen's numbering system, and can be deciphered by using the master list of reprints and numbers (see Appendix C). These reprints account for approximately ninety percent of the articles he published during his forty years of scientific work. This series also contains a collection of publications by others including dissertations directed by Anfinsen and publications from the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. In total, this series contains the majority of Anfinsen's prolific body of writings and research.




	The first subseries features a lengthy run of Anfinsen's scientific articles from 1954-1993, as well as some of his other published and unpublished works. The master list of reprints and numbers indicates which articles are contained within the collection. In most cases there are two copies of each reprint. The second subseries features four dissertations from Anfinsen's doctoral students, a run of Pontifical Academy of Sciences publications mostly from the 1980s, a Weizmann Institute Directory from 1990, and a history of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.




Box	Folder
		Anfinsen Publications, 1954-1993

26	1		Abstracts
26	2		Bibliographies
			Book Excerpts

26	3			Anfinsen, CB, Redfield RR, "On the structural basis of ribonuclease activity" 128-43, in Molecular Structure and Biological Specificity, ed. Linus Paulling and Harvey A. Itano (Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences) 1957
26	4			Anfinsen, CA, The Molecular Basis of Evolution (New York: Wiley), 1959
26	5			"Studies on the Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains", Nobel Lecture, 100-119 in Les Prix Nobel en 1972 (Nobel Foundation 1973) 11 December 1972
26	6		Drafts of Articles
26	7		Master List of Reprints and Numbers
			Numbered Reprints

26	8			1-10
26	9			11-16
26	10			17-20
26	11			21-26
26	12			27-30
26	13			31-40
26	14			41-44
26	15			45-50
27	1			51-55
27	2			56-60
27	3			61-70
27	4			71-80
27	5			81-90
27	6			91-100
27	7			101-110
27	8			111-120
27	9			121-130
27	10			131-140
27	11			141-145
27	12			146-150
27	13			151-160
27	14			161-170
28	1			171-180
28	2			181-185
28	3			186-190
28	4			191-200
28	5			201-210
28	6			211-220
28	7			221-230
		Publications by Others, 1950-1992

			Dissertations

29				Theodore Peters, Jr., "Studies in Serum Albumin Production in Vitro" Ph.D. diss., Harvard University 1950
29				James Allen Olson, "The Crystallization and Characterization of L (/) Glutamic Acid Dehydrogenase of Beef Liver" Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1951
29				Daniel Steinberg, "Studies on the Mechanism of Ovalbumin Synthesis" Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1951
28				Frederick Howard White, Jr., "Studies on the Tyrosine Oxidase System of Rat Liver (Part I); Reductive Cleavage of Disulfide Bridges in Ridonuclease" Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1957
			Pontifical Academy of Sciences Publications

30				Scripta Varia 49, Science and the Modern World, part II, Proceedings of the Symposium on Science and the Modern World Plenary Session, 11-13 October 1978, 1978
30				Scripta Varia 52, Science and the Modern World, part III, Proceedings of the Symposium on Science and the Modern World Plenary Session, 11-13 November 1979, 1979
30				Scripta Varia 61, Study Week on the Interaction of Parasitic Disease and Nutrition, October 22-26, 1985, edited by Carlos Chagas and Gerald T. Keusch, 1986
30				Scientarium Documenta 21, G.B. Marini-Bettolo, Historical Aspects of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, October 28, 1986, 1986
30				Scientarium Documenta 15, Study Week on the Interaction of Parasitic Diseases and Nutrition, October 22-26, 1986, Summary, 1987
30				Scientarium Documenta 18, Working Group on Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenic and Antitumor Activity, October 21-25, 1986, Conclusions, 1987
30				Scripta Varia 72, Working Group on Immunology, Epidemiology and Social Aspects of Leprosy, May 28-June 1, 1984, edited by Carlos Chagas, 1988
30				Scientiarum Documenta 23, Study Week on a Modern Approach to the Protection of the Environment, November 2-7, 1987, Conclusions, 1988
30				Giovanni Marchesi S.I., "La Pontificia Accademia Delle Scienze Luogo D'Incontro Tra Ragione E Fede" La Civilta' Cattolica, 6-20 August 1988
31				Scripta Varia 75, Study Week on A Modern Approach to the Protection of the Environment, November 2-7, 1987 edited by G.B. Marini-Bettolo, 1988
31				Scripta Varia 79, Brain Research and the Mind-Body Problem: Epistemological and Metaphysical Issues, Proceedings of a Round Table Discussion Held at the Pontifical Academy of Science on 25 October 1988, edited by Giuseppe Del Re, 1992
			Other

30				National Institutes of Health, A Salute to the Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Bethesda: NIH, 1987
31				The Weizmann Institute of Science, Scientific Activities, 1990, ed. Peter L. Strange. Israel: Achdut Press, Ltd, 1990

Return to the Table of Contents



Series V: Photographs and Slides, 1939-1994 1.6 linear feet
	This series contains photographs and slides divided roughly into two aspects of Anfinsen's life, the personal and professional. These designations make up two subseries, arranged by subject. Personal items include portraits of Anfinsen, sailing photographs and slides, and snapshots following his 1979 wedding. Some of these personal photographs were taken from the personal and biographical series. The professional subseries contains photographs from awards ceremonies, conferences, and laboratory work. There is also a collection of portraits of Anfinsen's scientific colleagues, some with signatures, dates, and inscriptions on the front. Nearly all of the individuals have been identified, allowing for the alphabetical arrangement by the individuals' last names. Anfinsen also collected several binders of scientific slides which he used for various presentations and conferences. There appears to be no particular order to the slides, so the items were transferred to slide pages and kept in their original arrangement. Together these photographs and slides document both Anfinsen's scientific career and personal life.




Box	Folder
		Personal, 1972 - 1990s

32	1		Portraits of Anfinsen, 1990s
			Sailing, 1972-1976

32	2			[part 1] 1972-1973
32	3			[part 2] 1972-1973
34				Slides June 1976
32	4		Wedding Ceremony, 1979
		Professional

			Awards, 1969, 1973, 1982

32	5			Weizmann Institute of Science, Honorary Fellow, 1969
41	25			Unknown event, [ca. 1970s]
32	6			University of Pennsylvania, Honorary Degree, 1973
41	26			Unknown event and Yeshiva University dinner [ca. 1980s]
32	7			Yeshiva University, Honorary Degree, 1982
			Conference Photographs, 1960s-1980s

32	8			ca. 1960s
32	9			ca. 1970s
32	10			ca. 1980s
			Conference Slides 1994

35				University of Naples Lecture, October 1994
			Laboratory Work, 1939-1994

32	11			Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen, 1939-1955
32	12			NIH Laboratory Workers [probably National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases], [ca. 1960s]
41	24			Anfinsen at work, [ca. 1970s]
32	13			NIH Laboratory Workers [probably National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases], [ca. 1970s]
32	14			Johns Hopkins University Laboratory, March 1990
41	27			Portraits by Richard T. Nowitz, 1991
41	28			Protein, n.d.
			Overheads and negatives

32	15			Chemical Chains
			Portraits of Scientists

32	16			Anson
32	17			Ball, Eric, 1962
32	18			Berger, Arieh, September 1972
32	19			Berzer, Seymour
32	20			Blout, Elkan
32	21			Brown, R.
33	1			Desnuelle, Pierre
33	2			Doty, Paul M.
33	3			Edsall, John T.
33	4			Ernst 1963
33	5			Francis, from Ramsey Hospital, Cambridge
33	6			Fruton, Joseph S.
33	7			Green, David
33	8			Handler, Philip, 1963
33	9			Haskings, A. Baird, January 1958
33	10			Holter, Heinz
33	11			Hotchkiss, Rollin
33	12			Hvidt, Aase
33	13			Kalkar, Herman
33	14			Kanen, Martin
33	15			Katchulski-Katzir, Ephraim
33	16			Lifson, Schneor
33	17			Linderstrom-Lang, Kaj
33	18			Liperman, Fritz, October 1962
33	19			Lowry, Oliver H.
33	20			Meister, Alton
33	21			Merrifield, Bruce
33	22			Moore, Stanford, 1964
33	23			Narita, Kozo
33	24			Neuroth, Hans
33	25			Rich, Alexander
33	26			Richards, Fred
33	27			Sanger, Fred, 1962
33	28			Satu, Herbert A. 1962
33	29			Schachman, Howard K.
33	30			Scheraga, Harold
33	31			Stein, William H.
33	32			Unidentified Scientists
33	33			Waley, Stephen G.
33	34			Wilson, James
33	35			Zamecnik, Paul
			Slides for Presentations

34				Blue Binder [10 pages of slides]
34				Black Binder [4 pages of slides]
35				Brown Binder [5 pages of slides]
35				Loose slides [10 pages of slides]
36				From plastic pages [16 pages of slides]

Return to the Table of Contents

Series VI: Audiovisual, 1948-1990 0.4 linear feet

This series contains audiovisual materials in two subseries. All the tapes in this subseries are copies dubbed from originals loaned by Libby Anfinsen. The first subseries consists of a short home movie of Anfinsen's family during a 1948 trip to Norway. This early footage was originally on an 8mm tape. The second subseries contains two videotapes documenting parts of Anfinsen's professional career. The first videotape is from a 1972 roundtable discussion featuring Anfinsen and other Nobelists. The second videotape is a 1990 interview with Anfinsen at his home in Baltimore, Maryland. Additional professional materials may be f

Finding Aid to the Christian Anfinsen Papers, 1939-1999 (bulk 1964-1999)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Brief Chronology

Awards and Prizes

Editorial Boards

Honorary Degrees

Lectureships

Memberships

Professorships

Restrictions

Restrictions

Copyright

Series I: Personal and Biographical, 1939-1999 0.5 linear feet

Series II: Correspondence, 1965-1999 5.8 linear feet

Series III: Laboratory Notes and Notebooks, 1959-1985 3.6 linear feet

Series IV: Reprints and Research Publications, 1950-1993 2.0 linear feet

Series V: Photographs and Slides, 1939-1994 1.6 linear feet

Series VI: Audiovisual, 1948-1990 0.4 linear feet