United States National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health

Finding Aid to the Sol Spiegelman Papers, 1929-1983

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Descriptive Summary

Biographical Note

Collection Summary

Index Terms

Administrative Information

Restrictions

Series Descriptions

Series I: Personal and Biographical, 1946-1983

Series II: Correspondence, 1946-1983

Series III: Laboratory Notes and Notebooks, 1937-1976

Series IV: Writings, 1936-1983

Series V: Professional Activities, 1945-1982

Series VI: Academic Career, 1947-1981

Series VII: Subject Files, 1929-1983

Archives and Modern Manuscripts Program, History of Medicine Division
Processed by Chip Calhoun, Kim Dixon, Erica Haakensen; Processing Completed June 2006; Encoded by Chip Calhoun, Kim Dixon, Erica Haakensen


Descriptive Summary
	Collection Number:	MS C 561
	Creator:	Sol Spiegelman
	Title:	Sol Spiegelman Papers
	Dates:	1929-1983
	Quantity:	113.5 linear feet (95 boxes)
	Abstract:	Sol Spiegelman (1914-1983) was an American microbiologist who made several important contributions in the fields of microbial genetics and cancer research, particularly the discovery of RNA/DNA hybridization and the first synthesis of an infectious nucleic acid. Biographical material, correspondence, laboratory notebooks, published and unpublished writings, academic course material, subject files, memoranda, and illustrations document Sol Spiegelman's professional career as a microbiologist.

Biographical Note

Sol Spiegelman was born on December 14, 1914 in Brooklyn, New York, to Max Spiegelman, a teacher of oriental languages and religion at a Hebrew theological seminary, and his wife Eva. A prolific and dedicated researcher, Sol Spiegelman made several important contributions in the fields of microbial genetics and cancer research.

Spiegelman took an interest in biology at an early age. In 1933 he attended the College of the City of New York (CCNY) majoring in biology; however, he found his biology courses so disappointing he changed his major and spent most of his undergraduate years studying mathematics and physics. Spiegleman took a year off from college to accept a research position at the Richard Morton Koster Research Laboratory of Crown Heights Hospital in Brooklyn, New York. During his tenure at the research laboratory he published his first paper entitled, "A Rapid Method for the Study of Genetics in Large Populations." After returning to CCNY and completing his degree, Spiegelman began his graduate education at Columbia University under the direction of Dr. H. B. Steinbach, majoring in cellular physiology with a minor in mathematics. He followed Dr. Steinbach to Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, where he continued to pursue his Ph.D. Upon completion of his doctorate in 1944, Spiegelman stayed on at Washington University and began his teaching career, gaining a reputation as a charming and skilled lecturer of bacteriology. He wrote prolifically and produced nineteen articles by the time he received his Ph. D. from Washington University.

After earning his Ph.D., Spiegelman began investigating how cells formed their enzymes. He and his colleagues demonstrated that changes or alterations in enzymes could occur without an accompanying mutation in the genes that control them. Based on this, Spiegelman suggested that abnormalities in enzymes occurred when critical fractions of genes were inappropriately activated or deactivated. Today this phenomenon is known as switching a gene on or off, and has had serious implications in the fight against cancer. Spiegelman's data raised the possibility that the wild multiplication of cells which characterized cancer might be attributed to an (uncontrollable or unruly) mechanism rather than a genetic mutation.

In 1949, Spiegelman became Professor of Microbiology at the University of Illinois. It was there in the mid-1950s that he discovered the technique of RNA/DNA hybridization, which enabled the combination of viral DNA and viral RNA. This new method led to the discovery that only one strand of a DNA double helix was responsible for transmitting genetic information. RNA/DNA hybridization became an extremely important technology in the field of molecular biology, and is a powerful tool in the modern analyses of the genome.

Until the mid-1960s, the central dogma of microbiology held that genetic information could only be transferred from DNA to RNA in the course of cellular reproduction; transference in the opposite direction was considered impossible. This raised questions concerning how RNA viruses are able to reproduce in cells dominated by DNA. Spiegelman's investigations into this quandary led to his discovery in 1963 of an enzyme which could recognize viral RNA among all other bacterial RNA within a cell. The unique quality exhibited by the newly discovered enzyme came to be known as template specificity. Spiegelman was soon able to use the RNA replicating enzyme, or RNA replicase, to manufacture RNA in test tubes. The man-made RNA proved to be as potent and infectious as its naturally-occurring counterpart. Spiegelman's work with RNA replicase made it possible to observe Darwinian selection at the molecular level, and expanded the biological community's understanding of viruses in general.

In 1969 Spiegelman left the University of Illinois to join the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, where he served as a Professor of Human Genetics and Development and as the Director of the Institute of Cancer Research. This move reflected Spiegelman's decision to focus his investigations fully on the problem of cancer. During the course of his RNA experiments he developed a technique that made it possible to test cancerous tissue for the presence of a virus; this laid the groundwork for his attempts to isolate a link between cancer and viral infections. Spiegelman demonstrated that RNA in a virus known to cause mammary tumors in mice was similar to sequences found in human breast cancer, which fueled his efforts to develop a clinically useful test for breast cancer in humans. In 1974 his career research was awarded the top American prize, the Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research.

Columbia honored Spiegelman by naming him University Professor in 1975, and made him Director of its Comprehensive Cancer Center in 1980. He was still actively involved in cancer research at Columbia when he died on January 20, 1983.

Brief Chronology


	1914	Born December 14 in New York City to Max and Eva Spiegelman
	1933-39	Attends City College of New York, with major in mathematics and physics
	1936-37	Interrupts undergraduate schooling to accept a research position at the Richard Morton Koster Research Laboratory, Crown Heights Hospital, in Brooklyn, New York; publishes first paper
	1940-42	Attends graduate school at Columbia University with a major in cellular physiology and a minor in mathematics, under Dr. H. B. Steinbach
	1942-44	Completes Ph.D. at Washington University at St. Louis; also lectured in Physics and Applied Mathematics
	1945-46	Instructor in Bacteriology, Washington University School of Medicine
	1946-48	Assistant Professor in Bacteriology, Washington University School of Medicine
	1948-49	Special Fellow, U.S. Public Health Service, University of Minnesota
	1949-69	Professor of Microbiology, University of Illinois
	1964-69	Member of Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois
	1965	Elected to the National Academy of Sciences
	1966	Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
	1969	Director of the Institute of Cancer Research and Professor of Human Genetics and Development in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
	1974	Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
	1975	University Professor, Columbia University
	1980	Director of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University.
	1983	Dies January 21 following a short illness

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Collection Summary

Biographical material, correspondence, laboratory notebooks, published and unpublished writings, academic course material, subject files, memoranda, and photographic media (113.5 linear feet; 1929-1983) document Sol Spiegelman's professional career as a microbiologist.

Spiegelman collected publicity material generated by his experiments. Much of this information can be found in Series I: Personal and Biographical, which contains a wealth of news articles about his achievements. It also provides biographical notes, manuscripts and extensive obituaries collected shortly after his death. His many awards and honors are documented in Series V: Professional Activities in the Awards and Honors sub-series. A significant component of the collection is Spiegelman's professional correspondence files, dating from the 1940s until his death in 1983 (Series II). Much of this correspondence illustrates Spiegelman's active involvement in the scientific community, as well as the close personal relationships he developed with many of his colleagues.

Laboratory Notes and Notebooks comprise nearly fifty percent of the collection, which are located in Series III. The series contains multi-volume laboratory notebooks from 1937 to 1976 and are authored by Spiegelman and his laboratory colleagues. The notebooks consist of the protocols, raw data, and conclusions drawn from experiments in enzyme synthesis, DNA-RNA hybridization, viral RNA, and cancerous tumors. The most extensive group of notebooks belonged to Spiegelman and covers a variety of experiments from the first two decades of his career. The second largest group of notebooks was kept by Dr. Ichiro Haruna as he worked with Spiegelman from 1962 to 1966 in the discovery of the RNA-replicating enzyme in viruses.

Copies of Spiegelman's reprints encompassing his entire career can be found in Series IV: Writings. The series contains articles about some of his most renowned experiments including RNA-DNA hybridization and explorations in the causes of human breast cancer. The majority of these articles appear in eight bound volumes entitled "Spiegelman's Collected Reprints."

Documents concerning Spiegelman's role as an educator can be found in Series VI: Academic Career. The series includes teaching materials in several subjects dating primarily from his time at the University of Illinois. Records of the many curricula and educational issues committees with which Spiegelman was involved can be found in the Committees sub-series of Series V: Professional Activities.

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Restrictions

Portions of the collection are restricted. Contact the Reference Staff for information regarding access. For online customer service, please visit custserv@nlm.nih.gov.

Copyright

Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details regarding rights. For online customer service, please visit custserv@nlm.nih.gov.

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Index Terms
	These terms are indexed in the National Library of Medicine's online catalog LocatorPlus. Researchers wishing to find related materials should search the catalog using these terms.
	MeSH Subjects
		Allolevivirus
		Bacteriophages
		Biochemistry
		Breast Neoplasms
		DNA Polymerase I
		DNA Probes
		Enzyme Inhibitors
		Hodgkin Disease
		Leukemia
		Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus
		Microbiology
		Milk, Human
		Molecular Biology
		Nucleic Acid Hybridization
		Oncogenic Viruses
		Q beta Replicase
		RNA, Viral
		RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
		Sarcoma
	Personal Names
		Axel, Richard
		Bassel, Byron A.
		Bishop, David H. L.
		Burny, A.
		Doi, Roy H.
		Gulati, S. C., 1945-
		Halvorson, H. O. (Harlyn O.)
		Haruna, Ichiro
		Hayashi, Masaki
		Kufe, D. L.
		Levisohn, Reuben O.
		Mangel, Walter F. (Farrar)
		Pace, Norman R.
		Schlom, Jeffrey
		Spiegelman, Sol, 1914-1983
	Corporate Names
		Columbia University. Institute of Cancer Research
		University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign campus). Dept. of Microbiology
		Washington University (Saint Louis, Mo.)

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Series I: Personal and Biographical, 1946-1983 1 l.f.
	This series contains material collected by Spiegelman and his office staff to document his professional life. It includes notes, correspondence, manuscripts, and vitae documenting Spiegelman's career. There is very little information about his personal life. The folder "Biography - S. Spiegelman" contains several general biographical manuscripts; of particular interest is the article "Contributions of S. Spiegelman to Biology and Medicine." A second folder, "Notes for an Autobiography," includes several manuscripts with slightly more information on Spiegelman's personal life. The Publicity sub-series includes news clippings, journal articles, and other publications that focus on the media coverage of Spiegelman's work. Materials within each sub-series are arranged in chronological order.




Box	Folder
		Biographical Material, 1959-1983

1	1		Biography, n.d.
1	2		Archival Material for University of Illinois, 1965-1969
1	3		Notes for an Autobiography, 1968-1974
1	4		Post-Doctoral Training Experience, c.1977
1	5		Curriculum Vitae, 1959-1980
1	6		Bibliography, 1983
		Obituaries, 1983

1	7		Obituaries -- Tributes, 1983
1	8		Cancer Research, 1983
1	9		Hybridomas in Human Systems, 1983
1	10		"Microbiologist at Columbia and Geneticist, Dies", 1983
		Publicity, 1946-1983

1	11		1946-1948
1	12-13		University of Illinois, 1949-1969
1	14-16		Columbia University, 1969-1974
1	17		1975
1	18		1976-1981
1	19		Copies of Articles by Graham Chedd, 1972-1977
1	20		Cancer Centers -- Cancer Research, 1979
1	21		Patent Announcements, 1983

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Series II: Correspondence, 1946-1983 16 l.f.
	This series contains Spiegelman's professional and personal correspondence with both individuals and organizations, covering various aspects of his career. Included are correspondence, articles, and vitae, as well as sensitive materials such as peer reviews, personnel records, and letters of recommendation, all of which are restricted. The series is arranged alphabetically by last name. Letters from Spiegelman's irregular correspondents including other scientists, fans, admirers, and laypersons are located in a number of "general" folders, arranged by the first letter of the correspondent's last name.




Box	Folder
1	22	Assorted Correspondence, 1965-1966
1	23	Assorted Correspondence, NIH -- Leukemia, 1968
1	24	Assorted Correspondence, 1975
1	25	A -- General, 1971-1981
1	26	Acs, George, 1974
1	27	Anfinsen, C.B., 1979
1	28	Arya, Suresh, 1978
1	29	Augustin, Andrei, 1980
1	30	Avila, Jesus, 1974-1976
1	31-32	B -- General, 1971-1976
1	33	Balda, B. R., 1973-1978
2	1	Banerjee, Amiya, 1979
2	2	Bassel, Jr., Byron A., 1963-1969
2	3	Baulieu, Etienne, 1980
2	4	Beaudreau, George, 1964-1980
2	5	Becker, Yechiel, 1975-1976
2	6	Ben-Ishai, Ruth, 1952-1971
2	7	Ben-Porat, Tamar, 1957-1977
2	8	Berg, Paul, 1959-1970
2	9	Berlin, Nathaniel I., 1973
2	10	Berstein, Richard B., 1981-1982
2	11	Bhalla, Kapil, 1982
2	12	Bishop, D. H. L., 1965-1974
2	13	Bishop, D. H. L. -- Visa Exchange, 1966-1969
2	14	Bishop, Polly Roy, 1969-1973
2	15	Biswal, Nilambar, 1969
2	16	Blair, Deeda W., 1977
2	17	Bollum, Fred, 1963-1972
2	18	Bolognesi, Dani P., 1969-1975
2	19	Brachet, J., 1955-1977
2	20	Brady, Frank O., 1969-1975
2	21	Brem, Henry, 1979
2	22	Brent, Jeffrey, 1977-1979
2	23	Burny, A., 1971-1973
2	24	Butenko, Z., 1977
2	25	C -- General, 1970-1980
2	26	Campbell, William, 1975-1979
2	27	Cardiff, Robert D., 1977-1979
2	28	Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., 1980
2	29	Chang, George T., n.d.
2	30	Chedd, Graham, 1970-1972
2	31	Cheung, David, 1973-1975
2	32	Chich-chuan, Liang, 1979
2	33	Chubin, Daryl E., 1978
2	34	Citri, Nathan, 1957-1972
2	35	Claybrook, Russell, 1965-1969
2	36	Clerici, Enrico, 1980
2	37	Cohen, Barrie, 1966-1967
2	38	Cohen, Seymour S., 1946-1966
2	39	Cohn, Mel, 1952-1975
2	40	Cohn, Waldo, 1953-1968
2	41	Crick, Francis H. C., 1956-1977
2	42	Culliton, Barbara J., 1972-1975
2	43	D -- General, 1972-1977
2	44	D'Silva, Pascal, 1971-1973
2	45	David, Gary S., n.d.
2	46	De Jager, Robert L., 1980
2	47	Divine, Richard, 1970-1974
2	48	Di Roma, Peter, 1980
2	49	Doi, Joyce Takahashi, 1960-1963
3	1	Doi, Roy H., 1959-1970
3	2	Doneva, Irena, 1974-1981
3	3	Doolittle, W. Ford, 1962-1982
3	4	Doroshow, James, 1981
3	5	Doty, Paul, 1966-1969
3	6	Drake, John W., 1963-1970
3	7	Duerksen, Jacob D., 1957-1967
3	8	E -- General, 1971-1979
3	9	Eagle, Harry, 1947-1977
3	10	Earnshaw, William C., n.d.
3	11	Ehrlich, Jerome, 1971
3	12-13	Eigen, Manfred, 1969-1971
3	14	Eikhom, Thor Stanley, 1964-1970
3	15	Elson, David, 1955-1967
3	16	Engelberg-Kulka, Hanna, 1979-1981
3	17	Esrig, Stella, 1980
3	18	Ezekiel, David, 1952-1969
3	19	F -- General, 1971-1979
3	20	Feldman, Stuart, 1972-1973
3	21	Felsenfeld, Gary, 1979
3	22	Flesher, James W., 1969-1971
3	23	Frazier, Marvin, 1973
3	24	Freeman, Harold, 1981
3	25	Fried, Michael, 1969
3	26	Friedman, Ronald, 1976
3	27	Furth, Jacob, 1979
3	28	Furth, Mark Edward, n.d.
3	29-30	G -- General, 1971-1981
3	31	Gale, E. F., 1947-1958
3	32-33	Gallo, Robert C., 1971-1982
3	34	Galston, Arthur W., 1963
3	35	Gamow, George, 1955
3	36	Garber, Melvin S., 1968-1972
3	37	Gardner, Murray B., 1979
3	38	Garfield, Eugene, 1972-1982
3	39	Geier, Mark R., 1970-1971
3	40	Gelfant, Seymour, 1963-1973
3	41	Gerhardt, Philipp, 1956-1957
3	42	Gershenson, S. M., 1980-1981
3	43	Gest, Howard , 1949-1963
3	44	Giacomoni, Dario, 1960-1980
3	45	Gilbert, Walter, 1980
3	46	Gilden, Raymond, 1973-1979
3	47	Gillespie, David H. and Sally, 1961-1979
4	1	Gilling, Dick, 1978
4	2	Gillman, Theodore, 1948
4	3	Gilmore, Marion Nyholm, 1949-1956
4	4	Ginzburg, Yael, 1950-1951
4	5	Goldblum, Natan, 1976
4	6	Goldfeder, A., 1977-1982
4	7	Goldforb, A. J., 1944-1945
4	8	Goodman, Neil C., 1970-1977
4	9	Dr. Graff, 1969-1971
4	10	Green, David E., 1955
4	11	Green, Maurice, 1971-1975
4	12	Greenstein, Jesse, 1946-1948
4	13	Gregg, John R., 1945-1957
4	14	Gros, Francois, 1953-1961
4	15	Gruber, Edith, 1956-1959
4	16	Grunau, John, 1964-1969
4	17	The Bacterial -- I. C. Gunalus, Editor, 1963
4	18	Guthrie, Robert, 1949
4	19	Gutterman, Jordan U., 1977
4	20-21	H -- General, 1943-1968
4	22	H -- General, 1971-1982
4	23	Haarr, Lars (Norway), 1966-1968
4	24	Haas, Martin, 1973
4	25	Hall, Benjamin D., 1960-1967
4	26	Halvorson -- Spiegelman Manuscript, 1951
4	27-28	Halvorson, Harlyn O.; [Hift, Helen; Holmes, John; Hotchkiss, Rollin D.; Honeyman, Merton], 1946-1959
4	29	Halvorson, Harlyn O., 1960-1979
4	30	Hamner, Karl G., 1948-1949
4	31	Hardwick, William A., 1952-1953
4	32	Harper & Row, "DNA -- RNA Hybridization of Nucleic Acids", 1968-1969
4	33	Harter, Donald H., 1970-1975
4	34-35	Haruna, Ichiro, 1960-1977
4	36	Hayaishi, Osamu, 1949-1972
4	37	Hayashi, Marie N., 1962-1964
4	38-39	Hayashi, Masaki, 1961-1975
4	40	Hayes, William, 1952-1956
4	41	Hearon, J. Z., 1945-1946
4	42	Heden, C. -- G., 1960-1966
4	43	Heidelberger, Chas., 1977-1978
4	44	Heller, Emmanuel, 1970-1976
4	45	Hellman, Leon, n.d.
4	46	Hersh, Evan H., 1976
4	47	Hershey, A.D., 1948-1962
4	48	Hess, George P., 1953
4	49	Hindin, Lee, 1971-1972
4	50	Hirsch, Herbert M., 1950
5	1	Hirsch, Marie L., 1959-1963
5	2	Hirsh, David I., n.d.
5	3	Ho, Chi Tsu, 1980
5	4	Hoch, James A., 1980
5	5	Hofschneider, P. H., 1966-1976
5	6	Hollaender, Alexander, 1951-1964
5	7	Holland, I. B., 1963-1968
5	8	Holland, James, 1971-1976
5	9	Horowitz, Aviva, 1966-1973
5	10	Hsu, Wen Tab, 1960
5	11	Huang, Donna Sheurg, 1960
5	12	Kuei-huang Huang, 1965-1978
5	13	Hudson, Claude S., Professor, 1947
5	14	Huebner, Robert, 1970-1974
5	15	Huebner, Virginia, 1969-1972
5	16	Hughes, J. S., 1947
5	17	Hughes, M. A., 1968
5	18	Hullett, Sandral, 1970-1971
5	19	Hunter, G. D., 1969
5	20	Hyden, Holger, 1946-1947
5	21	I -- General, 1974-1979
5	22	Ishii, Douglas, 1981
5	23	Isker, Colonel Rohland A., 1948-1950
5	24	Ito, Yoshei, 1972-1980
5	25	J -- General, 1947-1969
5	26	J -- General, 1971-1979
5	27	Jacob, Francois, 1954-1965
5	28	Jacob, Monique, 1961-1966
5	29	Jaeger, Lucena, 1941-1943
5	30	Jermyn, M. A., 1957-1958
5	31	Jones, Mary Ellen, 1977
5	32	Jones, Roy B., 1979
5	33	Jordan, Louise, 1963-1965
5	34	Joshi, Sudha, 1957
5	35	Juni, Elliott, 1948-1953
5	36-38	K -- General, 1947-1979
5	39	Kabat, Elvin A., 1982
5	40-41	Kacian, Daniel, 1969-1980
5	42	Kalle, G. P., 1957-1961
5	43	Kallio, R. E., 1952-1968
5	44	Kamen, Martin, 1948-1968
5	45	Kanar, Richard P., 1967
5	46	Kaney, Anthony R., 1966-1970
5	47	Kankel, Douglas R., 1968
5	48	Kaplan, Albert S., 1960-1972
5	49	Kaplan, Louis, 1951-1956
5	50	Kaplan, Samuel, 1972-1973
5	51	Kapuler, Alan , 1969
5	52	Kapuler, Alan M., 1972
5	53	Katchalski, Ephraim, 1972-1973
5	54	Katz, George, 1982
5	55	Kefalides, Nick, 1952-1958
5	56	Kelemen, Mary V., 1957
5	57	Kelner, Albert, 1957
5	58	Keynan, Alex, n.d.
5	59	Kikuchi, Tadatoshi , 1966-1967
5	60	Killmann, Sven-Aage, M.D., 1975
6	1	Kim, Byung Suk, 1975-1976
6	2	Kim, Untae, 1980
6	3	Kimball, R. F., 1967-1968
6	4	Kimberg, Daniel V. -- Death, 1933-1978
6	5	Kimberlin, R. H., 1971-1972
6	6	Kirk, R. Gary , 1965-1966
6	7	Klein, Harold P., 1956-1962
6	8	Klem, Dorothy, 1946-1951
6	9	Kliegman, Robert, 1971
6	10	Klubes, Philip, 1978
6	11	Klunk, Lewis J., Jr., 1971
6	12	Kluyver, A. J., 1948-1956
6	13	Knolle, Peter, 1968-1972
6	14	Knox, W. Eugene, 1955-1956
6	15	Koch, Arthur L., 1952
6	16	Kohne, David E., 1975
6	17	Kondo, Masatoshi, 1963-1964
6	18	Koprowski, Hilary, 1975
6	19	Kornberg, Arthur, 1953-1977
6	20	Kort, James, 1972
6	21	Kotler, Moshe, 1975-1978
6	22	Kovach, John S., n.d.
6	23	Krampitz, L. O., 1948-1956
6	24	Krevans, Julius R., 1971-1972
6	25	Ku, Ching-Mei, 1964-1965
6	26	Kuang, Darren, 1981
6	27	Kukayn, R. A., 1973
6	28	Kurtz, David, 1978
6	29	Kutscher, Austin H., 1972
6	30-34	L -- General, 1953-1980
6	35	Landau, Tamar, 1971-1978
6	36	Landman, Otto E., 1949-1963
6	37	Landy, Arthur H., 1961-1976
6	38	Lanks, Karl, 1970
6	39	Lapidus, Richard, 1965-1969
6	40	Laven, H., 1957
6	41	Lazo, Waldo A., 1957
6	42	Lederberg, Joshua, 1946-1978
6	43	Lederberg, Seymour, 1957-1967
6	44	Lee, Yonih, 1973
6	45	Leichtling, Ben H., 1965-1969
6	46	Lepkovsky, Sam, 1953-1954
6	47	Lerman, Leonard S., 1956
6	48	Lester, G., 1952-1954
6	49	Levine, Paul, 1978-1982
6	50	Levine, Phillip, 1978
6	51	Levinthal, Cyrus, 1955-1972
6	52	Levisohn, Reuben, 1966-1973
6	53	Levy, Jay A., 1968-1971
6	54	Li, T. K., 1955
6	55	Lianni, Frank, 1954-1965
6	56	Liau, Deng-Fong, 1974-1980
6	57	Lienau, Carl C., 1980-1981
6	58	Lighter, Don E., II, 1966
6	59	Lindegren, Carl C., 1951-1961
6	60	Lindenmayer, Aristid, 1954-1956
6	61	Lipmann, Fritz, 1947-1962
6	62	Littauer, Uriel-Zeeb, 1954-1971
6	63	Little, John B., 1981
6	64	Liu, George B., 1954-1958
6	65	Lively, Ethelyn, 1952
6	66	Lodish, Harry F., 1965-1967
6	67	Loeb, Lawrence A., 1963-1974
7	1	Loening, Ulrich , 1967
7	2	Loewinthan, Peter F., 1966
7	3	Luce, Wilbur M., 1947
7	4	Luria, S. E., 1943-1978
7	5	Lythcott, George, 1970-1971
7	6-11	M -- General, 1951-1979
7	12	Maas, Werner, 1957-1963
7	13	MacFarlane, John O., 1946
7	14	MacMinigal, Pamela, 1964-1967
7	15	Mager, Jacob, 1980
7	16	Mahler, Elizabeth, 1967-1968
7	17	Mak, T. W., 1974
7	18	Malchy, Dr. Barry, 1969-1970
7	19	Malin, Bernie, 1948-1959
7	20	Maltese, William, 1981
7	21	Mandel, George, 1977
7	22	Mandelstam, Joel, 1955-1959
7	23-25	Mangel, Walter Farrar, 1970-1980
7	26	Mar, Theresa, 1960
7	27	Markert, Clem, 1964
7	28	Markovitz, Alvin, 1952-1960
7	29	Marmur, Julius, 1955-1965
7	30	Marshak, Alfred G., 1959-1963
92	2	Martin, Daniel S., 1979
			[RESTRICTED]
7	31	Massey, Richard J., 1982
7	32	Mayorca, Giampiero Di, 1971-1972
7	33	Mazia, Daniel, 1951-1954
7	34	Mc -- General, 1970
7	35	Mc -- General, 1971-1974
7	36-37	McCollester, L., 1980
7	38	McConkey, Edwin H., 1961
7	39	McDonald, M. R., 1946-1947
7	40	McDonald, William C., 1959
7	41	McElory, W. D., 1952-1965
7	42	McKelvy, Jeffrey, 1970-1971
7	43	McLimans, W. F., 1949
7	44	McQullen, Kenneth, 1956-1960
7	45	Mehlman, Ira, 1952-1967
7	46	Melton, Charles, 1964
7	47	Mendelson, Irvin, 1971-1976
7	48	Mendlewicz, Julien, 1971-1972
7	49	Meselson, Mathew, 1960-1975
7	50	Metzler, David E., 1955-1956
7	51	Michalides, R. J., 1972-1978
7	52	Michelson, A. M. , 1957-1965
7	53	Miller, Orlando J., 1970-1978
7	54	Mintz, Beatrice, 1969-1973
7	55	Mirsky, A. E., 1944-1954
8	1	Mitchell, Susan, 1972-1973
8	2	Miyagi, Masakazu, 1966-1971
8	3	Moller, Mary L., 1982
8	4	Moloney, John, 1970-1977
8	5	Moloney, William C., 1970
8	6	Monod, Jacques, 1945-1978
8	7	Moore, Dan, 1971-1973
8	8	Moore, John A., 1946-1967
8	9	Moore, Robert A., 1946-1948
8	10	Moore, Stanford, 1972
8	11	Mora, Fernando C., 1956-1960
8	12	Mora, Peter T., 1981
8	13	Moskowitz, Sam, 1978
8	14	Mrak, E. M., 1947-1954
8	15	Mukerji, Sheila, 1953-1954
8	16	Muller, H. J., 1967
8	17	Muller, Robert, 1973-1974
8	18	Mundkour, Balaji D., 1948-1951
8	19	Murray, R. G. E., 1954
8	20	Myers, Jeanne, 1973-1981
8	21-22	N -- General, 1944-1976
8	23	Nagourney, R., 1981
8	24	Nakamura, Robert M., 1974-1975
8	25	Nakamura, Tatsumi, 1977
8	26	Nathans, Daniel, 1978
8	27	Neal, Alan L., 1963
8	28	Neiderman, Robert A., 1970-1971
8	29	Neth, Rolf, 1972-1981
8	30	Newman, Barbara, 1978
8	31	Nishihara, Tohru, 1970-1977
8	32	Nisman, B., 1956-1971
8	33	Nisonoff, Alfred, 1961-1976
8	34	Noel, Elizabeth, 1951
8	35	Noll, Hans, 1968-1981
8	36	Nomura, Masayasu, 1956-1973
8	37	Nonoyami, Meihan , 1965-1982
8	38	Nordenskjold, Bo A., 1950-1973
8	39	Novelli, G. David, 1955-1960
8	40	Novick, Aaron, 1949-1963
8	41	Nowinski, Robert C., 1972
8	42	Nozu, Keiichi, Ph.D., 1960-1967
8	43-44	O -- General, 1945-1979
8	45	Obijeski, John, 1971
8	46	Ochoa, Severo, 1950-1970
8	47	O'Connor, 1971
8	48	O'Connor, Timothy, 1973-1975
8	49	Oestreicher, A. Beate, 1961
8	50	Ohtaka, Yoichi, 1961-1965
8	51	Olzark, Carmelita A., 1966
8	52	Ordal, Erling, 1952-1956
8	53	Ottensmeyer, F. P. -- Univ. of Toronto, Canada, 1969-1970
8	54	Overby, Lacy R., 1965-1980
9	1-4	P -- General, 1947-1980
9	5	Pace, Norman R., 1963-1976
9	6	Pachciara, Judith Ann, 1965-1966
9	7	Pamper, Seymour, 1948-1954
9	8	Papazian, H. P., 1952-1953
9	9	Pappenheimer, A. M., 1952
9	10	Pardee, A., 1954-1982
9	11	Parnas, Hannah , 1963-1965
9	12	Paznokas, John L., 1968
9	13	Peer, John E., 1950-1957
9	14	Pelmont, J., 1966-1967
9	15	Pereira, Rev. Lancelot S. J., 1966
9	16	Perkins, David, 1952-1957
9	17	Peters, William P., 1974-1982
9	18	Peterson, Roger, 1963-1971
9	19	Phaff, Herman J., 1952-1955
9	20	Phegan, Warren O., 1963-1965
9	21	Phillips, Leo, 1978
9	22	Piechowski, Michael, 1958-1962
9	23	Pigman, Ward, 1947-1950
9	24	Pincus, Theodore, 1969-1970
9	25	Pola, Mrs. Lourdes J., 1974
9	26	Pollack, Robert E., 1974
9	27	Pollard, Ernest, 1955-1974
9	28	Pollister, Arthur W., 1946-1957
9	29	Pollock, Martin, 1946-1966
9	30	Pontecorvo, G., 1947-1969
9	31	Pope, John H. -- Australia, 1975-1976
92	3	Post, Kalmon D., 1982
			[RESTRICTED]
9	32	Potter, V. R., 1942-1954
9	33	Powell, Maxwell, 1973
9	34	Price, Winston, 1948
9	35	Prud'Homme, Nicole, 1967
9	36	Puck, Theodore, 1954-1976
9	37	Punnett, T. R., 1952-1973
9	38	Q -- General, 1952-1972
9	39	Quirk, James S., 1970-1977
9	40-46	R -- General, 1948-1980
9	47	Racker, R., 1947-1967
9	48	Radcliffe, Charles W., 1965-1969
9	49	Rao, Raghavendra M.R., 1955-1965
9	50	Rao, Y.S. P., 1976-1979
9	51	Rapkine, L., 1947-1970
9	52	Rapoport, Frederick A., 1981
10	1	Rauscher, Frank, 1970-1979
10	2	Ray, Roger, 1953-1958
10	3	Reeve, Sidney Joan, 1960-1963
10	4	Reichmann, M.E., 1969
10	5	Reid, Brian, 1967-1968
10	6	Reiner, John M., 1942-1958
10	7	Rich, Alex, 1956-1983
10	8	Rich, Marvin, 1978-1982
10	9	Rifkind, Richard, 1980
10	10	Riley, Monica, 1960-1961
10	11	Ritossa, Ferruccio, 1965-1967
10	12	Ritossa, Bleuman, and Spiegelman, n.d.
10	13	"Cancer Research" E.M. Ritzi, D. S. Martin, R. S. Stolfi and S. Spiegelman, 1981
10	14	Ritzi, Earl M., 1973-1982
10	15	Rivlin, 1968-1975
10	16	Roberts, Dick, 1958-1960
10	17	Roberts-Thorne, Catherine, 1948-1953
10	18	Rochefort, Henri, 1981-1982
10	19	Roman, Herschel L., 1948-1953
10	20	Roper, Joseph Alan, 1954-1958
10	21	Rosai, Juan, 1980-1981
10	22	Rosenberger, R. F., 1963
10	23	Rotman, M. Boris, 1948-1976
10	24	Runnstrom, J., 1947-1950
10	25	Rusch, Harold P., 1946-1963
10	26	Ryan, Francis J., 1941-1960
10	27-35	S -- General, 1944-1982
10	36	Sachs, Howard, 1969-1981
10	37-38	Sachs, Leo, 1963
10	39	Sackler, Raymond, 1981
11	1	Sacks, Jacob, 1947
11	2	Sadoff, Harold L., 1952-1960
11	3	Saffhill, Roy, 1970
11	4	Sager, Ruth, 1953-1968
11	5	Sagik, Bernard P., 1957-1980
11	6	Sakarai, Susumu Ph.D., 1980-1983
11	7	Salmon, Sydney E., 1977-1979
11	8	Sanger, Fred, 1980
11	9	Saral, Rein, 1975
11	10-11	Sarkar, S., 1968-1973
11	12	Sattler, Louis, 1947
11	13	Saxe, Linda, 1975
11	14	Saxinger, Carl, 1963-1964
11	15	Schatz, Albert, 1952
11	16-17	Schechter, Kadian & S.S. -- Journal of Molecular Biology, 1974
11	18	Schein, Philips., M.D., 1980
11	19-20	Schlom, J. -- Virus & Cells Received, 1969-1972
11	21-23	Schmidt, Benno C., 1973-1981
11	24	Schmidt, Gerhard, 1954
11	25	Schneider, Walter C., 1945
11	26	Schochetman, Gerald, 1977-1978
11	27	Schoenfeld, Elinor R., 1980
11	28	Schreck, Rhona, 1971-1974
11	29	Schutz, Gunther, 1972-1978
11	30	Seaman, Edna, 1957-1964
11	31	Sheek, Martha, 1958-1962
11	32	Sherman, Michael, 1964-1965
11	33	Silhavy, Thomas J. Ph. D., n.d.
11	34	Silvestri, Luigi G., 1970-1972
11	35	Sinsheimer, Robert ., 1956-1967
11	36	Sirsat, Satyavati M., 1980
11	37	Slater, Donald, 1962-1978
11	38	Slonimski, Piotr P., 1954-1980
11	39	Smeets, Fred J.A., 1956-1957
11	40	Smith, Durward, 1967
11	41	Solomon, Neil, 1980-1981
11	42	Sonneborn, T. M., 1946-1981
11	43	Soodak, Morris, 1953-1955
11	44	Soviet scientists, 1973-1981
11	45	Springer, Georg F., 1977-1978
11	46	Srinivasan, V. R., 1956-1981
11	47	St -- General, 1950-1967
11	48	Stanier, Roger, 1947-1969
11	49	Stanley, W. M., 1951-1965
12	1	Steglich, Carolyn, 1970-1971
12	2	Steinbach, H. Burr, 1944-1980
12	3	Steinberg, Bettie M., 1979
12	4	Stock, C. Chester, 1980
12	5	Stockley, Darleen J., 1980
12	6	Stoker, Michale, 1970-1975
12	7	Storck, Roger Louis, 1958-1970
12	8	Stoute, Marguerite, 1973-1974
12	9	Stromberg, Kurt, 1971-1972
12	10	Subak-Sharpe, J., 1970
12	11	Sueoka, Noboru, 1960-1963
12	12	Kano Sueoka, Tamiko, 1961-1964
12	13	Summers, Anne O., 1963-1969
12	14	Sussman, Maurice, 1944-1975
12	15	Sussman, Raquel R., 1950-1975
12	16	Suzuki, Jiro, 1963-1965
12	17	Svet--Moldavsky, George, 1980-1981
12	18	Swanson, Judith, 1961-1963
12	19	Sypherd, Paul S., 1970-1971
12	20	Szilard, Leo, 1949-1950
12	21	Szybalski, Waclaw, 1955
12	22-24	T -- General, 1948-1980
12	25	Tavitian, Armand, 1974-1975
12	26	Taylor, Babette, 1946-1958
12	27	Taylor, Marion, 1968
12	28	Thomas, Charles A., Jr., 1966-1977
12	29	Tilley, Robert J. - Jesup Lectures, 1964-65
12	30	Ting, Robert C. Y., 1958-1965
12	31	Tonagawa, Susumu, 1979
12	32	Tooze, John, 1970
12	33	Torriani--Gorini, Annamaria, 1954-1971
12	34	Traverso-Buzzati, A., 1982
12	35	Travnicek, M., 1969-1973
12	36	Tsuchida, Nobuo, 1969-1970
12	37	Tuve, M. A., 1946-1959
12	38	U -- General, 1945-1981
12	39-40	V -- General, 1948-1981
12	41	Vardulaki, Alexandra , 1965
12	42	Veprek, Leos G., 1970-1974
12	43	Victor, Ursula, 1952-1953
12	44	Vogelstein, Bert, 1978
13	1-5	W -- General, 1947-1975
13	6	Wang, Van, 1971
13	7	Wang, Willam S-Y, 1980
13	8	Watanabe, Itaru, 1963-1969
13	9	Watson, James D., 1958-1965
13	10-11	Watson, Kenneth, 1968-1979
13	12	Webb, Karen, 1973
13	13	Weil, Roger, 1980
13	14	Weiser, Josef F., 1969-1970
13	15	Weissbach, Arthur, 1978
13	16-17	Weissmann, Charles, 1965-1980
13	18	White, Pat [a.k.a. Mary Patricia Radcliffe, Mary Patricia White, and Mary Patricia White Miyagi], 1966-1972
13	19	Wickerham, L. J., 1946-1958
13	20	Wilczewska, Izabella Maria, 1962
13	21	Winkler, U., 1981
13	22	Wireman, John W., 1967-1968
13	23	Woese, C. R., 1962-1982
13	24	Wolfe, Ralph - Corski Award, 1968-1972
13	25	Wolin, Eileen B., 1956-1959
13	26	Wong, K. Y., 1967-1976
13	27	Woodcock, Thomas , 1980
13	28	Woolf, Harry , 1981
13	29	Work, Thomas S., 1969-1970
13	30-32	XYZ -- General, 1950-1980
13	33-34	Yaniv, Avraham, 1971-1981
13	35	Yankofsky, Saul -- 2 Papers, 1962-1974
13	36	Young, Charles Y., 1981
13	37	Young, Robert C., 1976
13	38	Zarucki, Tanya, 1973
13	39	Zeelon, Pinhaz E., 1972-1980

Return to the Table of Contents



Series III: Laboratory Notes and Notebooks, 1937-1976 50 l.f.
	The Laboratory Notes and Notebooks series contains materials documenting experiments performed by Spiegelman, his students, and his professional colleagues from 1937 to 1976. There are three broad sub-series: Sugar and Enzyme Studies; Enzyme, DNA, and RNA Studies; DNA, RNA, and Cancer Studies. Researchers should be aware of the existence of overlaps in the types of studies documented in each sub-series. Included in the series are notes, graphs, negatives, shipping invoices, writings, research, and correspondence that were originally housed in three-ring binders. Notebooks identified as Spiegelman's date from 1937 to 1959 and include various assays related to enzyme synthesis and characteristics, as well as his early work with RNA-DNA. The bulk of the series consists of notes from the early-1960s to the mid-1970s covering Spiegelman's studies on the enzymes of RNA viruses, efforts to prove the possibility of the reverse transcription of RNA to DNA, and research into possible connections between human cancer and viruses. Of particular interest is the group of notebooks written by frequent collaborator Dr. Ichiro Haruna, dated from 1962 to 1966. These notebooks contain Spiegelman and Haruna's experiments in isolating and manipulating an RNA-replicating enzyme from the phage Qβ virus. Other colleagues, who worked as Spiegelman's investigators and whose experiments are documented include Roy H. Doi, Dr. Y. Ohtaka, Tamiko Kano-Sueoka, Lacy R. Overby, and Dr. Jeffrey Schlom.




	The series is arranged chronologically by year and alphabetically by folder title within each year. Folder titles were amended where they did not accurately reflect the notebook's contents. Bulk dates were assigned to folder groups that documented ongoing experiments performed by the various investigators in an effort to collocate experiments from a single series together so their progression over the course of several years could be understood.


Box	Folder
		Sugar and Enzyme Studies, 1937-1954

14	1		Protocols, Bact. Variation via B. Coli, 1937
14	2		Density, 1941-1942
14	3		Data on Galactose Adaptation, 1943
14	4-5		Spiegelman -- Galactozymase, 1944
14	6		Hexokinase Inactivation by Trypsin & Glucose Protection, 1945
14	7		Lactose Problem, 1945
14	8		Adaptation Experiments -- Data, 1944-1945
14	9		Enzyme Formation, Data Book #8, 1944-1945
14	10		[Anaerobic CO2 Production], 1942-1946
14	11		Galactozymase -- Spiegelman, 1945-1946
14	12		Inositol and Galactose Adaptation, 1947
14	13		Method for Measuring Desoxyribonuclease Activity, 1947
14	14-15		P-Turnover As. and Azide -- Spiegelman, 1945-1947
14	16		Spiegelman -- Transformation Attempts, 1946-1947
14	17		Effect of Protein Denaturants on Enzymatic Adaptation, 1948
14	18-20		Pink Cytoplasmic Factor -- S. Spiegelman, 1947-1948
14	21		Expt. #428 -- Effect of Substrate Conduction on C1d -- Maltose, 1949
14	22		Stock Strains, 1949
14	23		Urea Experiment #413, 426, 428, 1949
14	24-26		Spiegelman -- "In Vitro" Maltase Formation (I), 1948-1949
14	27		Effect of Heat on Long Term Adaptation and Reversion, 1950
14	28-29		Kinetics of Adaptation, R-1950, 1950
14	30		[Maltase Activity, Transformation Expts, and Azide Resistant Mutants], 1950
15	1		Maltose Adaptation & Oxidative Metabolism, 1950
15	2		S. Spiegelman -- Lactase of Yeast, 1950
15	3-5		α-Glucosidase in K; Induction-Properties -- Spiegelman, 1946-1950
15	6-7		S. Spiegelman -- Adaptation Exp., 1949-1950
15	8		A. Campbell -- Long Term Adaptation Experiments, 1951
15	9-10		Back Reversion -- A. Campbell, 1951
15	11		C1 Experiments (Platean) -- M. Rotman, 1951
15	12		Inactivation of α-Glucosidase, 1951
15	13		Preadaptive Oxidation of Galactose, 1951
15	14-16		A. Campbell -- C1d Reversion, 1949-1951
15	17-18		C1g Experiments (Reversion etc.) -- M. Rotman, 1950-1951
15	19		Experiments with Petites, 1950-1951
15	20		H. Halvorson -- Kinetics of Maltozymase Induction, 1950-1951
16	1-2		H. Halvorson (cont'd.), 1950-1951
16	3		Kinetic Studies -- Maltozymase Extracts, UV Mutations, 1950-1951
16	4-5		S. Spiegelman -- Maltase Purification, 1950-1951
16	6		S. Spiegelman, α-Glucosidase Patterns--B, 1950-1951
16	7-8		Induction During Growth -- Spiegelman, 1952
16	9		Preadaptive Oxidation (K + C1D), 1952
16	10		Research -- Matings, 1952
16	11-12		S. Spiegelman -- Maltase Purification, 1952
16	13-14		S. Spiegelman -- Substrate Analogues, 1944-1952
16	15-16		P32; Azide; DNP; Borate, 1946-1952
16	17		Calibration Constants for Warburg Cups, 1950-1952
16	18-19		Experiments with C1g Petites on Question of Enzyme Content and Formation -- M. Nyholm, 1950-1952
16	20		H. Halvorson -- Analogue [and Ethionine] Inhibition, 1950-1952
17	12		H. Halvorson (cont'd.)
17	3		Long Term Adaptation, 1950-1952
17	4-5		A. Campbell -- Enzyme Content & Forming System, 1951-1952
17	6-7		Genetic Analysis (Gs--Locus) -- A. Campbell, 1951-1952
17	8-9		H. Halvorson -- Amino Acid & Glucosidase, 1951-1952
17	10-11		[H. Halvorson] -- Induction & Free AA Pools, 1951-1952
17	12		Summary of Reversion Experiments with New Strains, 1951-1952
17	13-14		α-Glucosidases -- S. Italicus Electrophopesis -- Spiegelman, 1953
17	15		α-Glucosidases -- S. Italicus Electrophoresis II -- Spiegelman, 1953
17	16-17		St. Electrophoresis -- C1+; YF; M1-M4, 1953
17	18		Early "In Vitro" Glucozymase -- S. Spiegelman, 1945-1953
18	1-3		Galactokinase Activity of Extracts & Galactokinase (C1d) -- A. Campbell, 1951-1953
18	4-6		Km -- α-Glucosidases Electophoresis -- H. Halvorson & Spiegelman, 1951-1953
18	7		α-ΦEnglase: Method; Kinetics -- S. Spiegelman, 1952-1953
18	8-9		Exp. on Enzyme and Enzyme Forming System -- A. Campbell, 1952-1953
18	10		Genetics of Long Term Adaptation -- A. Campbell, 1952-1953
18	11-12		Production of Lactose in E. Coli W., 1952-1953
18	13-15		Radioactive Precursor Expts., 1952-1953
18	16		R. Ben Ishai, [X-32 Uracil Experiments], 1954
18	17		[Uracil Yeast Experiments], 1954
18	18-19		A. Campbell Lab Notes, 1952-1954
19	1-2		Inge Jentschke, 1953-1954
19	3		Ira Mehlman, [Sugar Assays], 1953-1954
			1953-1954

19	4-5			M. Gilmour [Inhibitor Exp. 1 -- Exp. 26], 1953
19	6			M. Gilmour [Inhibitor Exp. 27 -- Exp. 47], 1953-1954
19	7-8			[M. Gilmour Inhibitor Exp. 48 -- Exp. 66], 1954
19	9			[M. Gilmour] Inhibitor Exp. 61 -- Exp. 80, 1954
19	10-11			[M. Gilmour] Inhibitor Exp. 81 -- Exp. 100, 1954
19	12			[M. Gilmour] Inhibitor Exp. 101 -- Exp. 106, 1954
19	13		Old Research Notes I -- D. Ezekiel, 1953-1954
			Enzyme, DNA, and RNA Studies, 1953-1968

19	14-15			S. Spiegelman -- [Enzyme Assays; DNA & RNA], 1953-1954
19	16			Current Protoplasts & Resolutions, 1955
19	17			M. Gilmour [AA c14 Solution], 1955
19	18-19			Protoplasts, 1955 Mar-Jun
20	1-2			Protoplasts (KM), 1955 Jun-Sep
20	3-4			Protoplasts, 1955 Sep-Nov
20	5			KM -- In vitro -- Fragments; Protoplasts -- S. Spiegelman, 1954-1955
20	6			[DNA -- Protein -- RNA -- Enzyme --] Optical Density, 1956
20	7			Duerksen -- Paper Electrophoresis, 1956
20	8-9			KM -- Shockates -- S. Spiegelman, 1956
20	10			Spiegelman -- Ghost Experiments, 1956 Apr-Jul
20	11			E. Gruber, Chemistry Notes -- [Galactose], 1955-1956
20	12			[Summaries of Various DNA, RNA, and Shockate Expts], 1955-1956
20	13			E. Seaman, [E. Coli Protoplasts Experiments], 1957
20	14			Spiegelman & Shockate EF, 1957
20	15-16			Spiegelman -- E. Coli. Lysates, 1957
20	17			Spiegelman -- Fractions, 1957
20	18			Spiegelman: Particles-Fractionation Incorporation, 1957
20	19			Spiegelman -- Pyrophosphate Exchange in Fractions y Osmotic Lysates, 1957
			1956-1957

20	20			[Spiegelman]: E. Coli Experiment [Summaries], 1956 Jun-1957 Jul
21	1-2			[Spiegelman: E. Coli Experiment] Summaries, 1956 Jul-1957 Jul
21	3-4			Spiegelman: E. Coli -- Shockates, 1956 Jul-Sep
21	5-6			[Spiegelman:] E. Coli -- Shockates, 1956 Oct-Nov
21	7-9			Spiegelman: E. Coli. [Shockates], 1956 Nov-1957 Mar
21	10		T. Ben Porat [Enzyme Formation], 1956-1957
21	11		[AA, ATP, and RNAase Tests], 1957-1958
21	12		Summaries -- Particle and Fraction Incorporation, 1957-1958
21	13		T. Ben Porat Experiment Notes, 1957-1958
21	14-15		β-Galactosidase Synthesis, 1959
21	16		M. Nomura -- Experiments [with P32-RNA], 1959 Sep-Oct
21	17		M. Nomura -- Experiments [with P32-RNA], 1959 Oct
21	18		P32 -- Pulse Experiments w/Protoplasts, 1959
21	19		P32 -- S35 Pulse Experiments, 1959
21	20		[Protoplasts & Ribosomes], 1959
			1958-1959

21	21			Spiegelman -- [RNA Synthesis I], 1958
21	22			Spiegelman -- RNA Synthesis II, 1958
22	1			[Spiegelman] -- RNA Synthesis III, 1958-1959
22	2			Spiegelman -- RNA Synthesis IV, 1959
22	3			Spiegelman -- [RNA Synthesis V], 1959
22	4		F. Mora -- [Incorporation of Sulfate into E. Coli], 1960
22	5		R. Storck [Total RNA Experiments 5-22], 1960
22	6		T2 -- Hybrid, 1960
22	7		E. Seaman, Lab. Notes, 1959-1960
22	8		E. Seaman, [T2 and Anti-T2 Experiments], 1961
22	9		[Φ-RNA Negatives -- No. 407 & 573], 1961
22	10-11		R. Storck -- P2-RNA and Banding I-II, 1961
			1957-1961

22	12-13			B. Sagik Methods I, 1957-1961
22	14			B. Sagik Methods II, 1961
22	15		R. Storck [Particle RNA Electrophoresis Expts], 1959-1961
			1959-1961

23	12-14			S. Esrig, 1959 Oct 13-1961 Mar 1
23	15-16			S. Esrig, 1961 Mar 30-Nov 23
22	16-17		E. Seaman, [S35 Incorporation into Infected Bacteria], 1960-1961
			1960-1961

22	18-19			R. Storck [Experiments 1-15, RNA Assays], 1960 Feb-Apr
22	20-21			R. Storck [Experiments 16-27, RNA Assays], 1960 Apr-Jul
23	1-2			R. Storck [Experiments 36-51], 1960 Sep-Nov
23	3			R. Storck [Experiments 52-55], 1960 Nov-1961 Jan
23	4		R. Storck N1-N11, 1960-1961
23	5-6		[β-galactosidase mRNA, Φ31-Φ60], 1962
23	7-8		B. Sagik -- [Messenger RNA of ΦX174], 1962
23	9		D. Giacomoni -- [Hybridization of H3 S-RNA with E. Coli DNA], 1962
23	10		[Enzyme Extraction/Preparation Experiments], 1962
23	11		Ford Doolittle's Data -- [Depurination of DNA], [1962]
			1960-1962

23	17			R. Doi -- [DNA and RNA], 1960-1961
24	1			R. Doi -- [DNA and RNA] (cont'd.)
24	2-4			R. Doi 2 -- Base Ratio, 1960-1961
24	5-6			R. Doi 3 -- Heterogeneit of i-RNA, 1961
24	7-9			R. Doi 4 -- Φ-2, No. 1, 1961-1962
			1961-1962

24	10-11			RNA Phage, [Exp 1-65] -- R.H. Doi, 1961
24	12-13			RNA Phage, [Exp 66-116] -- R.H. Doi, 1961-1962
24	14-15			[RNA Phage, Exp 176-226] -- R.H. Doi, 1962
24	16		RNA Synthesis -- Experiment I-XXXXIV, 1961-1962
25	1		RNA Synthesis -- Experiment I-XXXXIV (cont'd.)
25	2		S. Esrig, [Incorporation into RNA], 1961-1962
25	3		D. Giacomoni -- [Φ Stocks of AM 122], 1963
25	4		M. Jacob -- [Incorporation of Leucine C14], 1963
25	5-6		[ΦX-174-n51-M-RNA of E. Colic CA.], 1963
25	7		R. Doi -- Specific RNA, ΦX-174, No. 3, 1963
			1959-1963

25	8-10			Yankofsky, No. 1, 1959-1960
25	11-12			Yankofsky, No. 2, [Hybridization of E. Coli DNA & RNA], 1960-1961
25	13			[Yankofsky, No. 2A, N12-N17], 1961
25	14			[Yankofsky, No. 2B, Summary of M281-M68 Data], n.d.
25	15-16			Yankofsky, No. 3, [RNA Experiments], 1960

Finding Aid to the Sol Spiegelman Papers, 1929-1983

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Descriptive Summary

Biographical Note

Brief Chronology

Collection Summary

Restrictions

Restrictions

Copyright

Index Terms

Administrative Information

Alternate Forms Available

Preferred Citation

Provenance

Series Descriptions

Series I: Personal and Biographical, 1946-1983 1 l.f.

Series II: Correspondence, 1946-1983 16 l.f.

Series III: Laboratory Notes and Notebooks, 1937-1976 50 l.f.