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Sputum direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) is a test that looks for microorganisms in lung secretions.

You will produce a sputum sample from your lungs by coughing up mucus from deep inside your lungs. (The mucus is not the same as saliva or spit from the mouth.)

In the laboratory, antibodies that have been chemically linked to a fluorescent dye are added to the sample. These antibodies are considered "flagged." They will attach to specific antigens -- in this case, the microorganism against which they were formed. If the specific microorganism is present, a bright glow (fluorescence) can be seen in the sputum sample using a special microscope.

If coughing does not produce sputum, a breathing treatment may be given before the test to trigger sputum production.

There is no discomfort.

Your doctor may order this test if you have signs of certain lung infections or pneumonias.

Normally, there is no antigen-antibody reaction.

Abnormal results may be due to an infection, such as Legionnaire's disease or mycoplasma pneumonia.

There are no risks.

Direct immunofluorescence test; Direct fluorescent antibody - sputum

Updated by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.