Using crutches

Crutch Basics

• Let your hands carry your weight, not your armpits.
• Look forward when you are walking, not down at your feet.
• Use a chair with armrests to make sitting and standing easier.
• Make sure your crutches have been adjusted to your height:
• The top should be 1 to 1 1/2 inches below your armpit.
• The handles should be at hip level.
• Your elbows should be slightly bent when you hold the handles.
• Keep the tips of your crutches about 3 inches away from your feet so that you do not trip.
• Rest your crutches upside down when you are not using them so that they do not fall down.

Walking and Turning

When you walk using crutches, you will move your crutches forward instead of your weak leg. Follow these steps:

• Place your crutches about 1 foot in front of you, slightly wider apart than your body.
• Lean on the handles of your crutches and move your body forward, without stepping forward on your weak leg.
• Finish the step by swinging your strong leg forward.
• Repeat. Go slowly, it may take a while to get used to this movement.
• Turn by pivoting on your strong leg, not your weak leg.

Your health care provider may give you instructions about how much weight you can put on your weak leg. These may include:

• Non-weight-bearing: This means keep your weak leg off the ground when you walk.
• Touch-down weight-bearing: You may touch the ground with your toes to help with balance, but do not bear weight on your weak leg.
• Partial weight-bearing: You may put less than half of your body weight on your weak leg.
• Weight-bearing as tolerated: You may put more than half of your body weight on your weak leg as long as it is not painful.

Sitting

• Back up to a chair, bed, or toilet until the seat touches the back of your legs.
• Move your weak leg forward, and balance on your strong leg.
• Hold both crutches in your hand on the same side as your weak leg.
• With your free hand, grab the armrest, the seat of the chair, or the bed or toilet.
• Slowly sit down.

Standing

• Move to the front of your seat and move your weak leg forward.
• Hold both crutches in your hand on the same side as your weak leg.
• Use your free hand to help you push up from your seat to stand up.
• Balance on your strong leg while you place a crutch in each hand.

Stairs

Avoid stairs until you are ready to use them. Before you can go up and down them on your feet, you can sit down and scoot up or down, one step at a time.

When you are ready to go up and down stairs on your feet, follow these steps (practice with a spotter first):

To go up:

• Step up with your strong leg first.
• Bring the crutches up, one in each arm.
• Place your weight on the strong leg and then bring your weak leg up.

To go down stairs:

• Put your crutches on the step below first, one in each arm.
• Move your weak leg forward and down, followed by your strong leg.
• If there is a handrail, you can hold onto it and hold both crutches on your other side in one hand, but this may feel more or less awkward, so be sure to go slowly.

Safety Tips

Make sure any loose rugs, rug corners that stick up, or cords are secured to the ground so you do not trip or get tangled in them.

Remove clutter and keep your floors clean and dry.

Check the tip or tips of your crutches daily and replace them if they are worn. You can get replacement tips at your medical supply store or local drugstore.

To prevent falls, wear shoes or slippers with a rubber or other non-skid or soles. Do not wear shoes with heels or leather soles.

If you need to carry small items with you, use a small backpack, fanny pack, or shoulder bag to keep your hands free while you are walking.

Update Date: 3/8/2011

Updated by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.