New Medical Subject Headings

NEW MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS

WITH SCOPE NOTES AND PREVIOUS INDEXING - 2002

Links are to the MeSH Browser.

Abelmoschus
B6.388.100.700.100
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE, order Malvales, subclass Dilleniidae best known for okra.
XAbelmoschus esculentus
XOkra
Previous indexing:
Malvaceae (1996-2001)

Abies
B6.388.400.637.500
DOUGLAS FIR see PSEUDOTSUGA is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta.
XFir Tree
Previous indexing:
Trees (1966-2001)

Abrus
B6.388.100.401.12
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.
XBean, Precatory
XPrecatory Bean

Acanthaceae
B6.388.100.08
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Scrophulariales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. It is characterized by simple leaves in opposite pairs, cystoliths (enlarged cells containing crystals of calcium carbonate), and bilaterally symmetrical and bisexual flowers that are usually crowded together.

Access to Information
I1.880.604.473.352.500.500
Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.
XFOIA Requests
XFreedom of Information Act Requests

Achyranthes
B6.388.100.37.100
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family AMARANTHACEAE, order Caryophyllales, which has been used in traditional medicine (MEDICINE, CHINESE TRADITIONAL).

Acoraceae
B6.388.100.10
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot).

Acorus
B6.388.100.10.500
do not confuse with the Calamus genus = ARECACEAE; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family ACORACEAE, order Arales, subclass Arecidae most notable for Acorus calamus L. root which contains asarone and has been used in traditional medicine.
XCalamus Root
XSedge, Sweet
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1966-2001)

Actinidia
B6.388.100.928.124.500
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant species of the family ACTINIDIACEAE, order Theales.
XKiwi Plant

Actinidiaceae
B6.388.100.928.124
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Theales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is best known for Kiwi fruit (ACTINIDIA).

Activin Receptors
D8.586.913.696.620.682.700.62
D12.776.543.750.750.400.820.500
Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). Activin receptors also bind TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity.
XActivin Receptor-Like Kinases
Previous indexing:
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (1993-2001)
Receptors, Cell Surface (1989-1992)

Activin Receptors, Type I
D8.586.913.696.620.682.700.62.500
D12.776.543.750.750.400.820.500.500
One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). There are several type I activin receptors. The major active ones are ALK-2 (ActR-IA) and ALK-4 (ActR-IB).
XActivin Receptor-Like Kinases, Type I
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Growth Factor (1995-2001)

Activin Receptors, Type II
D8.586.913.696.620.682.700.62.750
D12.776.543.750.750.400.820.500.750
One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. The major type II activin receptors are ActR-IIA and ActR-IIB.
XActivin Receptor Like Kinases, Type II
Previous indexing:
Receptors, Cell Surface (1991-1993)
Receptors, Growth Factor (1994-2001)

Activins
D6.472.866.76
D12.776.395.22
Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.
Previous indexing:
Inhibin (1986-2001)

Acupuncture
G2.04
SPEC only; do not confuse with ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY
The occupational discipline of the traditional Chinese methods of ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY for treating disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians.
See related
Acupuncture Therapy
Previous indexing:
Acupuncture Therapy/trends (1978-2001)

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein
D12.776.220.40
D12.776.624.776.49
do not confuse cross reference APC PROTEIN with activated PROTEIN C
A negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling which is mutant in ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI and GARDNER SYNDROME.
See related
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
Gardner Syndrome
Genes, APC
XAPC Protein
Previous indexing:
Cytoskeletal Proteins (1994-2001)
Neoplasm Proteins (1993-1994)

Adenoviruses, Bovine
B4.280.30.500.150
B4.909.204.97.500.150
infection: coord IM with ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing disease affecting the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems in cattle. Serotypes have been grouped into several different species.
Previous indexing:
Adenoviridae (1965-2001)
Mastadenovirus (1996-2001)

Adenoviruses, Porcine
B4.280.30.500.675
B4.909.204.97.500.675
infection: coord IM with ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing neurological disease in pigs.
XPorcine Adenoviruses
Previous indexing:
Adenoviridae (1966-2001)
Mastadenovirus (1993-2001)

Adhatoda
B6.388.100.08.500
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the family ACANTHACEAE. Adhatoda vasica Nees is a source of vasicine.
XJusticia adhatoda
XMalabar-nut
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1968-2001)

Advance Directive Adherence
N4.761.316
N5.715.360.317
Compliance by health personnel or proxies with the stipulations of ADVANCE DIRECTIVES (or similar directives such as RESUSCITATION ORDERS) when patients are unable to direct their own care.
See related
Advance Directives
Guideline Adherence
Resuscitation Orders
XAdvance Directive Compliance
XDirective Adherence
Previous indexing:
Advance Directives (1991-2001)

Advisory Committees
N3.706.742.500
coord IM with specific activity or agency (IM) + geog if pertinent
Groups set up to advise governmental bodies, societies, or other institutions on policy. (Bioethics Thesaurus)
See related
Ethics Committees
Previous indexing:
Public Policy (1981-2001)

AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis
D12.776.260.400.249.249
D12.776.765.149.500
D12.776.930.397.249
AGAMOUS-LIKE PROTEINS see MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS is also available
A plant homeotic protein involved in the development of stamens and carpels of Arabidopsis thaliana. It is a DNA-binding protein that contains the MADS-box domain. It is one of the four founder proteins that structurally define the superfamily of MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS.
Previous indexing:
DNA-Binding Proteins (1993-2001)
Transcription Factors (1993-2001)

Agavaceae
B6.388.100.18
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida. Members of the family have narrow, lance-shaped, sometimes fleshy or toothed leaves that are clustered at the base of each plant. Most species have large flower clusters containing many flowers. The fruit is a capsule or berry.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1969-2001)

Agave
B6.388.100.18.249
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A genus known for fibers obtained from their leaves: sisal from A. sisalana, henequen from A. fourcroyoides and A. cantala, or Manila-Maguey fiber, from A. cantala. Some species provide a sap that is fermented to an intoxicating drink, called pulque in Mexico.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1966-2001)

Alnus
B6.388.100.137.500
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE that is distinguished from birch (BETULA) by its usually stalked winter buds and by cones that remain on the branches after the small, winged nutlets are released.
XAlder

alpha Karyopherins
D12.776.157.530.750.500.100
D12.776.660.502.100
Nucleocytoplasmic transport molecules that bind to the NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNAL of cytoplasmic molecules destined to be imported into the CELL NUCLEUS. Once attached to their cargo they bind to BETA KARYOPHERINS and are transported through the NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX. Inside the CELL NUCLEUS alpha karyopherins dissociate from beta karypherins and their cargo. They then form a complex with CELLULAR APOPTOSIS SUCCEPTIBILITY PROTEIN and RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN which is exported to the CYTOPLASM.
See related
Nuclear Localization Signal
Previous indexing:
Nuclear Proteins (1994-2001)

alpha-Tocopherol
D11.786.819.750.249
/defic: coord IM with VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY (IM)
A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.
Previous indexing:
Vitamin E (1965-2001)

Alzheimer Vaccines
D24.310.894.67
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
Previous indexing:
Vaccines (1999-2001)

Amacrine Cells
A8.663.358.50
A9.371.729.50
A11.671.358.50
INTERNEURONS of the vertebrate RETINA. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer.
Previous indexing:
Retina/cytology (1966-2001)

Amaranthaceae
B6.388.100.37
GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, with about 60 genera and more than 800 species of herbs, with a few shrubs, trees, and vines. The leaves usually have nonindented edges.

Amaranthus
B6.388.100.37.130
AMARANTH DYE is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus, in the family AMARANTHACEAE, best known as a source of high-protein grain crops and of Red Dye No. 2 (AMARANTH DYE).
XAmaranth Plant
Previous indexing:
Amaranth Dye (1988-2001)
Cereals (1980-2001)
Phytotherapy (1981-2001)

Amino Acid Transport System A
D12.776.157.530.200.500.100
D12.776.543.585.200.500.100
A sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter that accounts for most of the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid uptake by mammalian cells. The preferred substrates for this transporter system include ALANINE, SERINE, and GLUTAMINE.
Previous indexing:
Carrier Proteins (2000-2001)

Amino Acid Transport System ASC
D12.776.157.530.200.500.200
D12.776.543.585.200.500.200
A ubiquitous sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. The preferred substrates for this transporter system include ALANINE, SERINE, and CYSTEINE.
Previous indexing:
Amino Acids/metabolism (1980-2001)
Biological Transport (1980-2001)

Amino Acid Transport System L
D12.776.157.530.200.500.500
D12.776.543.585.200.500.500
A sodium-independent neutral amino acid transporter system with specificity for large amino acids. One of the functions of the transporter system is to supply large neutral amino acids to the brain.
Previous indexing:
Amino Acids/metabolism (1976-2001)
Carrier Proteins (1999-2001)

Amino Acid Transport System X-AG
D12.776.157.530.200.249.500
D12.776.543.585.200.249.500
A family of potassium-dependent acidic amino acid transporters that demonstrate a high affinity for GLUTAMIC ACID and ASPARTATIC ACID. Several variants of this system are found in neuronal tissue.
XGlutamate-Aspartate Transporter
Previous indexing:
ABC Transporters (1996-2001)
Glutamates/metabolism (1979-1989)
Glycoproteins (1979-1995)

Amino Acid Transport System y+
D12.776.157.530.200.374.600
D12.776.543.585.200.374.600
A sodium-independent, basic amino acid transport system with a high-affinity for LYSINE, ARGININE and ORNITHINE.
Previous indexing:
Amino Acids/metabolism (1975-2001)
Carrier Proteins (1975-2001)

Amino Acid Transport System y+L
D12.776.157.530.200.374.750
D12.776.543.585.200.374.750
A leucine-sensitive amino acid transport system with high affinity for basic amino acids( AMINO ACIDS, BASIC).
Previous indexing:
Amino Acids/metabolism (1992-2001)

Amino Acid Transport Systems
D12.776.157.530.200
D12.776.543.585.200
GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.
XAmino Acid Permeases
XAmino Acid Transporters
Previous indexing:
Carrier Proteins (1987-2001)
Permeases (1981-2001)

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic
D12.776.157.530.200.249
D12.776.543.585.200.249
Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting acidic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, ACIDIC).
XAcidic Amino Acid Transport Systems
XAmino Acid Transport Systems, Anionic
XAnionic Amino Acid Transport Systems
Previous indexing:
Carrier Proteins (1981-2001)

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic
D12.776.157.530.200.374
D12.776.543.585.200.374
Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting basic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BASIC).
XAmino Acid Transport Systems, Cationic
XBasic Amino Acid Transport Systems
XCationic Amino Acid Transport Systems
Previous indexing:
Carrier Proteins (1992-2001)
Membrane Proteins (1992-2001)

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral
D12.776.157.530.200.500
D12.776.543.585.200.500
Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting neutral amino acids (AMINO ACIDS NEUTRAL).
XNeutral Amino Acid Transport Systems
XNeutral Amino Acid Transporters
XZwitterionic Amino Acid Transport Systems
Previous indexing:
Carrier Proteins (1992-2001)

Amino Acids, Acidic
D12.125.67
Amino acids with side chains that are negatively charged at physiological pH.
XAcidic Amino Acids
Previous indexing:
Amino Acids (1968-2001)
specific amino acids (1970-2001)

Amino Acids, Aromatic
D12.125.72.50
Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain.
XAromatic Amino Acids
Previous indexing:
Amino Acids (1965-2001)
specific amino acid (1965-2001)

Amino Acids, Basic
D12.125.68
Amino acids with side chains that are positively charged at physiological pH.
XBasic Amino Acids
Previous indexing:
Amino Acids (1969-2001)
specific amino acids (1969-2001)

Amphibian Proteins
D12.776.45
coord IM with specific protein (IM) + specific amphibian (IM)
Proteins obtained from species in the class of AMPHIBIA.
See related
Amphibia

Amsinckia
B6.388.100.150.122
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE. It contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS.
XBurweed

Amsonia
B6.388.100.81.88
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Species of this genus contain YOHIMBINE.

Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial
C10.574.500.50
C10.668.829.50.50
C16.320.400.50
C16.320.565.100.50
C18.452.90.50.50
C18.452.90.75.50
C18.452.648.100.50
Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.
XFamilial Amyloid Polyneuropathies
Previous indexing:
Amyloid Neuropathies (1994-2001)
Amyloidosis (1967-1993)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (1967-1993)

Amyloidosis, Familial
C16.320.565.100
C18.452.90.75
C18.452.648.100
Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS.
XAmyloidosis, Hereditary
Previous indexing:
Amyloidosis (1966-2001)

Anacardiaceae
B6.388.100.44
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The sumac plant family is in the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. The sap of many of the species is irritating to the skin.

Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan
C15.378.71.85.80.90
C15.378.71.750.500
C15.378.190.196.80.90
C16.320.77.90
A rare congenital hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. The disease is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, occasional neutropenia or thrombocytosis, a normocellular bone marrow with erythroid hypoplasia, and an increased risk of developing leukemia. (Curr Opin Hematol 2000 Mar;7(2):85-94)
XDiamond-Blackfan Anemia
Previous indexing:
Anemia, Aplastic (1974-1991)
Fanconi Anemia (1992-2001)

Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital
C15.378.71.85.80
C15.378.190.196.80
C16.320.77
An inborn condition characterized by deficiencies of red cell precursors that sometimes also includes LEUKOPENIA and THROMBOCYTOPENIA.
XCongenital Hypoplastic Anemia
XHypoplastic Anemia, Congenital
Previous indexing:
Anemia, Aplastic (1970-1991)
Fanconi Anemia (1992-2001)

Anethum graveolens
B6.388.100.75.77
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
Anethum graveolens L. is a plant species of the family APIACEAE. It is one of the plant SPICES.
XDill
Previous indexing:
Apiaceae (1998-2001)

Aneugens
D5.569.468.60
D27.505.532.60
Agents which affect CELL DIVISION and the MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS resulting in the loss or gain of whole CHROMOSOMES, thereby inducing an ANEUPLOIDY.
See related
Aneuploidy
Previous indexing:
Aneuploidy (1989-2001)
Mutagens (1988-2001)

Angelica
B6.388.100.75.88
GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family Apiaceae.

Angelica archangelica
B6.388.100.75.88.77
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant species of the family Apiaceae that contains COUMARINS.

Angelica sinensis
B6.388.100.75.88.538
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is the source of dong quai.

Animal Migration
F1.145.113.83
Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.
See related
Homing Behavior
XMigration, Animal
Previous indexing:
Behavior, Animal (1966-2001)

Animals, Genetically Modified
B1.30.136
B1.30.680.136
B2.158.136
B2.158.199.136
B2.158.680.136
coord with specific animal /genet
ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.
See related
Food, Genetically Modified
Genetic Engineering
Transgenes
XAnimals, Transgenic
XGenetically Modified Animals
XTransgenic Animals

Anion Transport Proteins
D12.776.157.530.450.74
D12.776.543.585.450.74
ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS is also available
Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of negatively charged molecules (anions) across a biological membrane.
XAnion Pumps
Previous indexing:
Carrier Proteins (1980-2001)
Ion Pumps (1991-2001)
Membrane Proteins (1980-1982)

Anise
B6.388.100.75.99
distinguish from Star Anise (ILLICIUM); coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the family APIACEAE (Umbelliferae) that is used in SPICES and is a source of anethole.
XPimpinella anisum
Previous indexing:
Apiaceae (1998-2001)

Annonaceae
B6.388.100.65
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The Custard-apple plant family of the order Magnoliales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. Some members have large pulpy fruits and commercial timber. Leaves and wood are often fragrant. Leaves are simple, with smooth margins, and alternately arranged in two rows along the stems.

Antigens, CD98
D12.776.157.530.200.374.750.500
D12.776.157.530.200.500.500.500
D12.776.543.585.200.374.750.500
D12.776.543.585.200.500.500.500
D24.185.101.100.110.227
D24.611.216.301.264.35.227
A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. The initial characterization of this protein revealed one identifiable heavy chain (CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) and an indeterminate smaller light chain. It is now known that a variety of light chain subunits (CD98 LIGHT CHAINS) can dimerize with the heavy chain. Depending upon its light chain composition a diverse array of functions can be found for this protein. Functions include: type L amino acid transport, type y+L amino acid transport and regulation of cellular fusion.
XAntigen 4F2
XCD98 Antigens
XFusion Regulatory Protein-1
Previous indexing:
Antigens, CD (1996-2001)
Antigens, Surface (1989-1995)
Carrier Proteins (1996-2001)

Antigens, CD98 Heavy Chain
D12.776.157.530.200.374.750.500.250
D12.776.157.530.200.500.500.500.250
D12.776.543.585.200.374.750.500.250
D12.776.543.585.200.500.500.500.250
D24.185.101.100.110.227.500
D24.611.216.301.264.35.227.500
A transmembrane glycoprotein subunit that can dimerize with a variety of light chain subunits (ANTIGENS CD98, LIGHT CHAINS). This protein subunit serves a diverse array of functions including amino acid transport and cell fusion. Its function is altered depending which of the light chain subunits it interacts with.
XAntigen 4F2, Heavy Chain
XCD98 Antigens Heavy Chain
XFusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain
Previous indexing:
Antigens, CD (1996-2001)
Carrier Proteins (1996-2001)

Antigens, CD98 Light Chains
D12.776.157.530.200.374.750.500.625
D12.776.157.530.200.500.500.500.300
D12.776.543.585.200.374.750.500.500
D12.776.543.585.200.500.500.500.500
D24.185.101.100.110.227.625
D24.611.216.301.264.35.227.625
A family of light chains that bind to the CD98 heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) to form a heterodimer. They convey functional specificity to the protein.
XCD98 Antigens Light Chain
Previous indexing:
Antigens, CD (1996-2001)
Antigens, Surface (1993-1995)
Carrier Proteins (1996-2001)

Antineoplastic Protocols
E2.183.750
E2.319.77
N5.715.360.775.225.500
coord with COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY if pertinent
Clinical protocols used to inhibit the growth or spread of NEOPLASMS.
XCancer Treatment Protocols
Previous indexing:
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (1983-2001)

Apium graveolens
B6.388.100.75.149
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant species of the family APIACEAE. The stalks are a food source.
XCelery
Previous indexing:
Apiaceae (1998-2001)

Apocynaceae
B6.388.100.81
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The dogbane family of the order Gentianales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The APG botanical system clumps members of the ASCLEPIADACEAE into this family.

Apocynum
B6.388.100.81.131
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE.
XDogbane

Aquifoliaceae
B6.388.100.84
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The holly plant family of the order Celastrales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.

Arabidopsis Proteins
D12.776.765.149
Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.
See related
Arabidopsis
XArabidopsis thaliana Proteins
Previous indexing:
Plant Proteins (1994-2001)

Araceae
B6.388.100.85
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot).

Aralia
B6.388.100.87.249
do not confuse with Sarsaparilla = Smilax (use SMILACACEAE) or with East Indian Sarsaparilla = Hemidesmus (use ASCLEPIADACEAE); coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the family ARALIACEAE, order Apiales, subclass Rosidae. It includes Aralia californica S. Watson, Aralia nudicaulis L., and Aralia racemosa L.
XSarsaparilla, Wild
XSpikenard
XWild Sarsaparilla

Araliaceae
B6.388.100.87
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).

Archaeal Viruses
B4.100
coord with specific Archaea /virol
Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA.
Previous indexing:
Archaea/virology (1996-2001)

Arctostaphylos
B6.388.100.343.99
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE.
XBearberry
XUva-ursi

Arecaceae
B6.388.100.93
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The palm family of order Arecales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida.

Argas
B1.131.166.132.832.100.100
infestation: coord IM with TICK INFESTATIONS (IM)
A genus of softbacked TICKS in the family ARGASIDAE. Most infect birds or bats but a few parasitize terrestrial mammals.
Previous indexing:
Ticks (1965-2001)

Argasidae
B1.131.166.132.832.100
infestation: coord IM with TICK INFESTATIONS (IM)
A family of softbacked TICKS, in the subclass ACARI. Genera include ARGAS and ORNITHODOROS among others.
XTicks, Softbacked
Previous indexing:
Ticks (1964-2001)

Aristolochia
B6.388.100.96.500
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Species of this genus have been used in traditional medicine but they contain aristolochic acid which is associated with nephropathy. These are sometimes called 'snakeroot' but that name is also used with a number of other plants.
XBirthwort
XDutchman's Pipe

Aristolochiaceae
B6.388.100.96
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Aristolochiales subclass Magnoliidae class Magnoliopsida.

Arteriviridae
B4.820.504.80
B4.909.777.500.80
infection: coord IM with RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
A family of viruses, of the order NIDOVIRALES, containing spherical virions. In contrast to CORONAVIRIDAE, no protruding spikes are obvious on the surface.

Asarum
B6.388.100.96.750
snakeroot may or may not go here, check text; note X ref WILD GINGER: GINGER is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE which was used medicinally by North American Indians. The common name of 'snakeroot' is also used for many other plants, including SANICULA; or ARISTOLOCHIA; or Polygala.
XCanada Snakeroot
XGinger, Wild
XSnakeroot, Canada
XWild Ginger

Asclepiadaceae
B6.388.100.99
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The milkweed plant family of the order Gentianales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The APG botanical system clumps this group into the APOCYNACEAE family.

Ascoviridae
B4.280.45
B4.525.45
A family of insect viruses causing disease in lepidopterous larvae, most commonly from species of the owlet moth family Noctuidae. There is one genus: Ascovirus.
XAscovirus
Previous indexing:
Insect Viruses (1990-2001)

Asfarviridae
B4.280.49
B4.909.204.102
infection: coord IM with DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
A family of double-stranded DNA viruses containing one genus Asfivirus. It is the source of AFRICAN SWINE FEVER.
XAfrican Swine Fever-Like Viruses
XAsfivirus

Asparagus
B6.388.100.610.162
J2.500.850.125
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the family Liliaceae (sometimes placed in Asparagaceae).
Previous indexing:
Liliaceae (1998-2001)

Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic
D8.586.913.477.700.225.249
ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE MITOCHONDRIAL is also available
An aspartate aminotransferase found in the CYTOPLASM.
XGlutamate Oxaloacetate-Transaminase-1
Previous indexing:
Aspartate Aminotransferases (1972-2001)

Aspartate Aminotransferase, Mitochondrial
D8.586.913.477.700.225.500
ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE CYTOPLASMIC is also available
An aspartate aminotransferase found in MITOCHONDRIA.
XGlutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase-2
Previous indexing:
Aspartate Aminotransferases (1968-2001)

Aspidosperma
B6.388.100.81.174
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. It contains ellipticine.
XBrazilian Box Tree

Astragalus gummifer
B6.388.100.401.87.500
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
Astragalus gummifer Labill. is the source of gum TRAGACANTH.

Astragalus membranaceus
B6.388.100.401.87.750
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant species of the Astragalus genus which is source of Huang qi preparation used in TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE.
Previous indexing:
Medicine, Chinese Traditional (1983-2001)
Plants, Medicinal (1979-2001)

Astragalus Plant
B6.388.100.401.87
do not confuse with Astragalus bone=TALUS; prefer specific plants; prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the family FABACEAE, subfamily Papilionaceae, order Fabales, subclass Rosidae. Many of the species are associated with poisoning of grazing animals. Some of the species are used medicinally.
XLocoweed
XMilk Vetch

AT-Hook Motifs
G6.184.580.709.600.40.50
DNA-binding motifs, first described in one of the HMGA PROTEINS, HMG-I(Y). They consist of positively charged sequences of nine amino acids centered on the invariant tripeptide glycine-arginine-proline. They act to fasten the protein to an AT RICH SEQUENCE in the DNA.
Previous indexing:
DNA-Binding Proteins (1994-2001)

ATP Synthetase Complexes
D8.586.913.696.650.150
Multisubunit enzyme complexes that synthesize ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATE from energy sources such as ions traveling through channels.
XATP Synthetase Complex
Previous indexing:
Adenosine Triphosphate (1972-1976)
Multienzyme Complexes (1980-2001)
Phosphotransferases (1977-1993)
Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor) (1994-2001)

Atrial Myosins
D8.586.277.40.25.525.750.124.249
D12.776.210.500.600.470.249.249
D12.776.220.525.475.475.124.249
Myosin type II isoforms specifically found in the atrial muscle of the heart.
XMyosins, Atrial
Previous indexing:
Myosins (1979-2001)

Atriplex
B6.388.100.200.199
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the CHENOPODIACEAE family.
XSaltbush

Avian Proteins
D12.776.93
coord IM with specific protein (IM) + specific bird (IM)
Proteins obtained from species of BIRDS.
See related
Birds
XBird Proteins

Bacterial Proton-Translocating ATPases
D8.586.277.40.25.325.249
D8.586.913.696.650.150.500.249
D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500.249
D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500.249
coord with specific bacterium /enzymol
Membrane-bound proton-translocating ATPases that serve two important physiological functions in bacteria. One function is to generate ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE by utilizing the energy provided by an electrochemical gradient of protons across the cellular membrane. A second function is to counteract a loss of the transmembrane ion gradient by pumping protons at the expense of adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis.
XE coli Coupling Factor
Previous indexing:
Proton-Translocating ATPases (1983-2001)

Bacteriochlorophyll A
D12.776.752.249.500
A specific bacteriochlorophyll that is similar in structure to CHLOROPHYLL A.
Previous indexing:
Bacteriochlorophylls (1982-2001)

Bacteriophage HK022
B4.123.150.800.200
B4.123.205.200
B4.280.90.800.200
A tentative species in the genus lambda-like Viruses, family SIPHOVIRIDAE.
XEnterobacteria phage HK022
Previous indexing:
Bacteriophage lambda (1990-2001)
Coliphages (1976-2001)

Bacteriophage IKe
B4.123.370.400.240
B4.280.400.400.240
coord with specific bacterium /virol
A species of filamentous phage in the genus INOVIRUS, family INOVIRIDAE. They are specific for enterobacteria that contain an IncN plasmid.
XEnterobacteria phage IKe
XIKe Phage
XPhage IKe
Previous indexing:
Coliphages (1976-1996)
Inovirus (1993-2001)

Bacteriophage N4
B4.123.150.700.65
B4.123.205.280
B4.280.90.700.65
A species with unassigned genus in the family PODOVIRIDAE.
XColiphage N4
XEnterobacteria phage N4
XN4 Phage
XPhage N4
Previous indexing:
Coliphages (1977-1993)
Podoviridae (1993-2001)

Bacteriophage Pf1
B4.123.370.400.300
B4.123.660.535
B4.280.400.400.300
coord with specific Pseudomonas /virol
A species of filamentous Pseudomonas phage in the genus INOVIRUS, family INOVIRIDAE.
XPf1 Phage
XPhage Pf1
XPseudomonas phage Pf1
Previous indexing:
Bacteriophages (1980-1993)
Inovirus (1993-2001)

Bacteriophage PRD1
B4.123.205.350
B4.123.900.150
Bacteriophage and type species in the genus Tectivirus, family TECTIVIRIDAE. They are specific for Gram-negative bacteria.
XEnterobacteria phage PRD1
XPhage PRD1
Previous indexing:
Bacteriophages (1974-2001)

Balsaminaceae
B6.388.100.112
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Geraniales (or Ericales in APG system), subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.

Bassia scoparia
B6.388.100.200.299
do not confuse X ref BURNINGBUSH (BASSIA) with BURNINGBUSH (EUONYMUS) see EUONYMUS; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant species of the family CHENOPODIACEAE. It is a source of furonaphthoquinones. The common name of burning bush is also used with the unrelated EUONYMUS sieboldianus.
XBurningbush (Bassia)
XFirebrush
XFireweed
XKochia scoparia
XSummer cypress

Batrachoidiformes
B2.493.39
An order of bottom fishes with short, small, spinous dorsal fins. It is comprised of one family (Batrachoididae) and about 70 species.
XOpsanus
XPorichthys
XToadfishes

Beloniformes
B2.493.850.139
An order of fish in the group SMEGMAMORPHA, comprising adrianichthyids, medakas (ORYZIAS), needlefishes, halfbeaks, and flying fishes.
XNeedlefishes
Previous indexing:
Fishes (1974-2001)

Beneficence
K1.316.745.500
K1.752.256.830.500
The state or quality of being kind, charitable, or beneficial. (from American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed). The ethical principle of BENEFICENCE requires producing net benefit over harm. (Bioethics Thesaurus)
See related
Altruism
Paternalism
Previous indexing:
Altruism (1974-2001)

Berberidaceae
B6.388.100.125
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The Barberry plant family of the order Ranunculales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. The shrubs have spiny leaves.

Berberis
B6.388.100.125.249
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the family BERBERIDACEAE. Oregon Grape was classified by Pursh as a Berberis but Nuttall claimed it is different enough to call it a new genus, MAHONIA. Now botanists insist on this genus while horticulturists stay with Mahonia. It is a source of BERBERINE.
Previous indexing:
Plants, Medicinal (1966-2001)

beta Karyopherins
D12.776.157.530.750.500.249
D12.776.660.502.500
Nucleocytoplasmic transport molecules that bind to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS in the CYTOSOL and are involved in transport of molecules through the NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX. Once inside the CELL NUCLEUS beta karyopherins interact with RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN and dissociate from alpha karyopherins. Beta karyopherins bound to RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN are then re-transported to the cytoplasm where hydrolysis of the GTP of RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN causes release of karyopherin beta.
XKaryopherin-beta
Previous indexing:
Nuclear Proteins (1995-2001)

Beta vulgaris
B6.388.100.200.399
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A species of the Beta genus. Cultivars are used as a source of beets (root) or chard (leaves).
XBeets
XChard
Previous indexing:
Chenopodiaceae (1998-2001)

beta-Tocopherol
D11.786.819.750.374
/defic: coord IM with VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY (IM)
A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.
Previous indexing:
Vitamin E (1971-2001)

Betaretrovirus
B4.820.650.124
B4.909.574.807.124
B4.909.777.731.124
infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of viruses with either type B or type D morphology. This includes a few exogenous, vertically transmitted and endogenous viruses of mice (type B) and some primate and sheep viruses (type D). MAMMARY TUMOR VIRUS, MOUSE is the type species.
XMammalian Type B Retroviruses
XRetroviruses Type B, Mammalian
XRetroviruses Type D
XType B Retroviruses, Mammalian
XType D Retroviruses

Betula
B6.388.100.137.750
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, marked by horizontal pores (lenticels), which usually peels horizontally in thin sheets.
XBirch

Betulaceae
B6.388.100.137
GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Fagales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They have simple, serrate, alternate leaves. Male flowers are borne in long, pendulous catkins; the female in shorter, pendulous or erect catkins. The fruit is usually a small nut or a short-winged samara.

Bignoniaceae
B6.388.100.143
GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Scrophulariales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is characterized by oppositely paired, usually compound leaves and bell- or funnel-shaped, bisexual flowers having a five-lobed calyx and corolla.

Bioethical Issues
K1.316.34
issues in bioethics is indexed here or under the specific bioethical issue; BIOETHICS is available for the specialty and BIOETHICISTS see ETHICISTS is available for the person
Used only for discussions of several specific issues that fall within the domain of BIOETHICS, the field of study concerned with value questions that arise in biomedicine and health care delivery. The broader term BIOETHICS is used for discussions of the field of study as such.
See related
Euthanasia
Human Experimentation
Patient Rights
Previous indexing:
Bioethics (1974-2001)

Biomedical Enhancement
E5.104
J1.897.115.250
The use of technology-based interventions to improve functional capacities rather than to treat disease.
XEnhancement, Biomedical

Biotinidase Deficiency
C16.320.565.66.620.100
C16.320.565.202.720.100
C18.452.648.66.620.100
C18.452.648.202.720.100
The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN.
See related
Biotin
XCarboxylase Deficiency, Multiple, Late-Onset
XMultiple Carboxylase Deficiency, Late-Onset
Previous indexing:
Amidohydrolases/deficiency (1983-2001)

Black Pepper
J2.500.250.725.500
A common spice from fruit of PIPER NIGRUM. Black pepper is picked unripe and heaped for a few days to ferment. White Pepper is the ripe fruit dehulled by maceration in water. PIPERINE is a key component used medicinally to increase gastrointestinal assimilation of other supplements and drugs.
See related
Piper nigrum
XWhite Pepper
Previous indexing:
Spices (1993-2001)

Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited
C15.378.100.425
C16.320.99
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood coagulation.
XCoagulation Disorders, Inherited
XHereditary Coagulation Disorders
XInherited Coagulation Disorders
Previous indexing:
Blood Coagulation Disorders (1995-2001)

Blotting, Far-Western
E1.450.495.410.320.100.200
E5.478.567.320.200.200
E5.601.131
E5.601.690.149
"western" is not capitalized in titles or translations
A method that is derived from western blotting (BLOTTING, WESTERN) and is used to detect protein-protein interactions. The blotted proteins are probed with a non-antibody protein which can then be tagged with a labeled antibody.
See related
Two-Hybrid System Techniques
XBlotting, West-Western
XFar-Western Blotting
Previous indexing:
Binding Sites (1994-2001)
Blotting, Western (1994-2001)
Protein Binding (1996-2001)

Blotting, Southwestern
E5.393.525.225
E5.601.152
A method that is used to detect DNA-protein interactions. Proteins are separated by electrophoresis and blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane similar to Western blotting (BLOTTING, WESTERN) but the proteins are identified when they bind labeled DNA PROBES (as with Southern blotting (BLOTTING, SOUTHERN)) instead of antibodies.
XSouthwestern Blotting
Previous indexing:
Blotting, Southern (1989-2001)
Blotting, Western (1991-2001)
DNA-Binding Proteins (1989-2001)

Blueberry Plant
B6.388.100.343.774.249
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
Several plant species of the genus VACCINIUM known for the edible blueberry fruit.

Boraginaceae
B6.388.100.150
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The Borage plant family is in the class Magnoliopsida, subclass Asteridae, order Lamiales. It is characterized by hairy foliage, usually alternate and simple; flowers are funnel-shaped or tubular. Some of the species contain PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS.

Borago
B6.388.100.150.188
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE.
XBorage

Bornaviridae
B4.820.455.149
B4.909.777.455.149
infection: coord IM with MONONEGAVIRALES INFECTIONS (IM)
A family in the order MONONEGAVIRALES comprising one genus Bornavirus. This family has a unique form of mRNA processing: replication and transcription takes place in the nucleus.

Borrelia burgdorferi
B3.851.595.193.150.125
infection: coord IM with LYME DISEASE or specifics (IM); BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP is also available
A specific species of bacteria, part of the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP, whose common name is Lyme disease spirochete.
XBorrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto
XLyme Disease Spirochete
Previous indexing:
Borrelia burgdorferi Group (1990-2001)

Boswellia
B6.388.100.162.111
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family BURSERACEAE used medicinally since ancient times. It is a source of boswellic acid.
XFrankincense
XOlibanum

Brassica napus
B6.388.100.250.200.249
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant species of the family CRUCIFERAE best known for the edible roots.
XRutabaga
XTurnip
Previous indexing:
Brassica (1998-2001)

Brassica rapa
B6.388.100.250.200.277
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant species cultivated for the seed used as animal feed and as a source of canola cooking oil.
XRapeseed
Previous indexing:
Brassica (1977-2001)

BRCA2 Protein
D12.776.624.776.101
D12.776.660.105
A large, nuclear protein, encoded by the BRCA2 gene (GENE, BRCA2). Mutations in this gene predispose humans to breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA2 protein is an essential component of DNA repair pathways, suppressing the formation of gross chromosomal rearrangements. (from Genes Dev. 2000;14(11):1400-6)
XBreast Cancer 2 Gene Product
Previous indexing:
Neoplasm Proteins (1995-2001)
Transcription Factors (1995-2001)

Bronchitis, Chronic
C8.127.446.567
C8.381.495.146.567
C8.381.495.389.500
C8.730.99.567
BRONCHITIS is also available
A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.
Previous indexing:
Bronchitis (1965-2001)

Bryonia
B6.388.100.300.93
do not confuse X ref BRYONY with BLACK BRYONY see TAMUS; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE that is the source of bryodin 1 (a ribosome-inactivating protein).
XBryony

Bupleurum
B6.388.100.75.174
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family APIACEAE that is the source of bupleurum root and of bupleurotoxin and is an ingredient of sho-saiko-to.
XChai Hu
XHare's Ear
XSaiko

Burseraceae
B6.388.100.162
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are resinous trees and shrubs with alternate leaves composed of many leaflets.

Bystander Effect
G4.335.122.155
note category: cell physiol context only
The result of a positive or negative response (to drugs, for example) in one cell being passed onto other cells via the GAP JUNCTIONS or the intracellular milieu.

Cactaceae
B6.388.100.168
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
The cactus plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. Cacti are succulent perennial plants well adapted to dry regions.
XCactus

Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
D12.776.419.500
coord IM with specific protein (IM)
Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.
See related
Caenorhabditis elegans
XC elegans Proteins
Previous indexing:
Helminth Proteins (1990-2001)

Caesalpinia
B6.388.100.401.93
CAT'S CLAW is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Some of the common names: Pernambuco, Brazilwood, Bird-Of-Paradise, Cat's-Claw, are easily confused with other plants.
XBrazilwood

Calluna
B6.388.100.343.211
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE.
XScotch Heather

Calophyllum
B6.388.100.928.249.166
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family CLUSIACEAE.
XPunna

Camellia
B6.388.100.928.500.500
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus in the family THEACEAE, order THEALES best known for CAMELLIA SINENSIS which is the source of Oriental TEA.
XThea
Previous indexing:
Theales (1999-2001)

Camellia sinensis
B6.388.100.928.500.500.500
coord with TEA or specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
Camellia sinensis L. (formerly Thea sinensis) is an evergreen Asiatic shrub of the THEACEAE family. The infusion of leaves of this plant is used as Oriental TEA which contains CAFFEINE, THEOPHYLLINE, and epigallocatechin gallate.
See related
Tea
XThea sinensis
Previous indexing:
Theales (1999-2001)

Campanulaceae
B6.388.100.171
GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Campanulales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida

Camptotheca
B6.388.100.778.500
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family NYSSACEAE (sometimes classified in the CORNACEAE family). It is a source of CAMPTOTHECIN.

Canarypox virus
B4.280.650.160.100.149
B4.909.204.783.160.100.149
infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
A species of AVIPOXVIRUS, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE. Canarypox virus vectors are used in vaccine and immunotherapy research.
Previous indexing:
Avipoxvirus (1994-2001)
Poxviridae (1991-1993)

Cannabaceae
B6.388.100.175
prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is most notable for the members, Cannabis and Hops.
Previous indexing:
Cannabis (1978-2001)

Capitalism
I1.261.100
I1.696.100
specify geog
A political and economic system characterized by individual rights, by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market. (From Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)
Previous indexing:
Political Systems (1990-2001)

Caprifoliaceae
B6.388.100.180
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida.

Capsella
B6.388.100.250.400
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family CRUCIFERAE.
XShepherd's Purse

Carbonic Anhydrase I
D8.586.520.241.300.150.100
/antag: coord with CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in ERYTHROCYTES, vascular endothelial cells, and the gastrointestinal mucosa. EC 4.2.1.-
Previous indexing:
Carbonic Anhydrases (1965-2001)

Carbonic Anhydrase II
D8.586.520.241.300.150.200
/antag: coord with CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found widely distributed in cells of almost all tissues. Deficiencies of carbonic anhydrase II produce a syndrome characterized by OSTEOPETROSIS, renal tubular acidosis (ACIDOSIS, RENAL TUBULAR) and cerebral calcification. EC 4.2.1.-
Previous indexing:
Carbonic Anhydrases (1967-2001)

Carbonic Anhydrase III
D8.586.520.241.300.150.300
/antag: coord with CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in skeletal muscle (MUSCLES, SKELETAL). EC 4.2.1.-
Previous indexing:
Carbonic Anhydrases (1972-2001)

Carbonic Anhydrase IV
D8.586.520.241.300.150.400
/antag: coord with CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
A membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase found in lung capillaries and kidney.
Previous indexing:
Carbonic Anhydrases (1990-2001)

Carbonic Anhydrase V
D8.586.520.241.300.150.500
/antag: coord with CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
A carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme found in MITOCHONDRIA where it provides bicarbonate ions that are components in the urea cycle and in GLUCONEOGENESIS.
Previous indexing:
Carbonic Anhydrases (1992-2001)

Carboxypeptidase U
D8.586.277.656.350.245.224
A metallocarboxypeptidase that removes C-terminal lysine and arginine from biologically active peptides and proteins thereby regulating their activity. It is a zinc enzyme with no preference shown for lysine over arginine. Pro-carboxypeptidase U in human plasma is activated by thrombin or plasmin during clotting to form the unstable carboxypeptidase U.
XArginine Carboxypeptidase
XThrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor
Previous indexing:
Carboxypeptidases (1979-2001)
Lysine Carboxypeptidase (1994-2001)

Cardiac Myosins
D8.586.277.40.25.525.750.124
D12.776.210.500.600.470.249
D12.776.220.525.475.475.124
Myosin type II isoforms found in cardiac muscle.
See related
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial
XMyosins, Cardiac
Previous indexing:
Muscle Proteins (1965-1972)
Myosins (1973-2001)

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial
C14.280.600.100.500
C16.320.160
An inherited form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is associated with mutations of genes coding for heart muscle proteins.
See related
Cardiac Myosins
XFamilial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Previous indexing:
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics (1983-2001)

Carica
B6.388.100.190
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family Caricaceae, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is the source of edible fruit and PAPAIN.
XPapaya

Carum
B6.388.100.75.225
coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
A plant genus of the family Apiaceae. The seeds are used as flavoring.
XAjowan
XCaraway

Caryophyllaceae
B6.388.100.195
GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + P