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Introduction to Health Services Research : A Self-Study Course
Module 6: Basic Components of a Study (Page 10 of 11)
Surveys | Cohort Studies | Case-Control Studies | Randomized Clinical Trials
Enrichment Section
Content on this page is organized alphabetically by topic.
Case-Control Studies
CASP appraisal tool for case control studies: 11 questions to help you make sense of a case control study. February 24, 2016. [Online] Site URL: http://calder.med.miami.edu/portals/ebmfiles/UM%20CASP%20Case-Controls%20Assessment%20Tool.pdf.
Somewhat technical but useful set of questions that can be used to determine whether or not you are looking at a case-control study.
Case Control Study. Young Epidemiology Scholars Competition. 2007. [Online] Site URL: http://www.collegeboard.com/yes/ft/iu/casecontrol.html.
Intended for 9th through 12th grade students, this teacher's guide is useful for its glossary and understandable teaching materials on the topic of case-control studies. Moderate to high level of difficulty. (Requires free registration). Visit the Teaching Units page for many other useful epidemiology concepts.
Case Series and Case Reports, Medical Research Library of Brooklyn, SUNY Downstate. n.d., [Online] Site URL: http://library.downstate.edu/EBM2/2600.htm.
Lecture from SUNY Downstate librarians on case series and case reports. Part of their Evidence-based Medicine course.
Case-Control Studies, Principles of Epidemiology, Lecture 10, by Donna Schneider. Supercourse, November 17, 2002. [Online] Site URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec8591/.
Lecture from the Supercourse on case-control studies. PowerPoint slides but no attached notes.
Cohort Studies
CASP appraisal tool for Cohort Studies: 12 questions to help you make sense of a cohort study. February 24, 2016. [Online] Site URL: http://calder.med.miami.edu/portals/ebmfiles/UM%20CASP%20Cohort%20Assessment%20Tool.pdf.
Use the questions to better define a cohort study. Somewhat technical.
Cohort Studies. Medical Research Library of Brooklyn. SUNY Downstate Medical Center. March 11, 2005. [Online] Site URL:
http://library.downstate.edu/EBM2/2400.htm.
Nice illustration of a cohort study and accompanying definition to be used for those involved in evidence-based medicine.
Cohort Studies, Principles of Epidemiology, Lecture 9, by Donna Schneider. Supercourse, November 17, 2002. [Online] Site URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec8581/index.htm.
PowerPoint presentation from the Global Health Supercourse. No lecture notes provided in the presentation.
MeSH Publication Types
Use MeSH Publication Types along with relevant MeSH headings to locate research studies as publications (among other useful health services research publication types).
- Addresses
- Bibliography
- Biography
- Case Reports
- Classical Article [for republished seminal articles]
- Clinical Conference [for reports of clinical case conferences only]
- Clinical Trial [includes all types and phases of clinical trials]
- Clinical Trial, Phase I
- Clinical Trial, Phase II
- Clinical Trial, Phase III
- Clinical Trial, Phase IV
- Comment [for comment on previously published article]
- Congresses
- Consensus Development Conference
- Consensus Development Conference, NIH
- Controlled Clinical Trial
- Corrected and Republished Article [consider Published Erratum]
- Dictionary
- Directory
- Duplicate Publication [duplication of material published elsewhere]
- Editorial
- Evaluation Studies
- Festschrift [for commemorative articles]
- Government Publications
- Guideline [for administrative, procedural guidelines in general]
- Historical Article [for articles about past events]
- Interview
- Journal Article [excludes Letter, Editorial, News, etc.]
- Lectures
- Legal Cases [includes law review, legal case study]
- Legislation
- Letter [includes letters to editor]
- Meta-Analysis [quantitative summary combining results of independent studies]
- Multicenter Study
- News [for medical or scientific news]
- Newspaper Article
- Overall [collection of articles; consider Meeting Report]
- Patient Education Handout
- Periodical Index [for cumulated indexes to journals]
- Practice Guideline [for specific health care guidelines]
- Published Erratum [consider Corrected and Republished Article]
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Retraction of Publication [author's statement of retraction]
- Retracted Publication [article later retracted by author]
- Review [includes all reviews; consider specific types]
- Review, Multicase [review with epidemiological applications]
- Review of Reported Cases [review of known cases of a disease]
- Review, Tutorial [broad review for non-specialist or student]
- Scientific Integrity Review [U.S. Office of Scientific Integrity reports]
- Technical Report
- Twin Study [for studies of twins]
- Validation Studies
(See the Enrichment Section for Module 4: Searching for more information on searching for these studies).
Health Services Research Study Design Definitions. July 17, 2006. [Online] Site URL:
//www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/hedges/hsrquerycriteria2.html.
Specific health services research areas (appropriateness, process assessment, outcomes assessment, costs, economics criteria) are defined in this page. Use these criteria for retrieving specialized PubMed searches on healthcare quality and costs.
Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs)
CASP appraisal tool for Randomised Control Trials: 10 questions to help you make sense of randomised control trials. May 12, 2006. [Online] Site URL: http://calder.med.miami.edu/portals/ebmfiles/UM%20CASP%20RCTs%20Assessment%20Tool.pdf.
Use the questions to better define an RCT. Somewhat technical.
Randomized Control Studies, Medical Research Library of Brooklyn, SUNY Downstate. n.d., [Online] Site URL: http://library.downstate.edu/EBM2/2200.htm.
Lecture from SUNY Downstate librarians on randomized control studies. Part of their Evidence-based Medicine course.
Research Study Design
PubMed Health Services Research (HSR) Queries. Health Services Research Study Design Definitions. July 17, 2006 [Online] Site URL:
//www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/hedges/hsrquerycriteria2.html.
Specific health services research areas (appropriateness, process assessment, outcomes assessment, costs, economics criteria) are defined in this page. Use these criteria for retrieving specialized PubMed searches on healthcare quality and costs.
Study Design. Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford. n.d. [Online] Site URL: http://www.cebm.net/?o=1039.
Covers advantages and disadvantages of case-control studies, cross-sectional surveys, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, crossover designs from an evidence-based viewpoint.
Surveys
A Primer on Sample Survey: What You Have to Do, When, Why. Lecture 10, by R. Heberto Ghezzo. Supercourse, April 29, 1999. [Online] Site URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec0482/index.htm.
Describes what a survey is and explains how to plan and conduct a survey.
Web Survey Methodology. WebSM. 2006. [Online] Site URL: http://www.websm.org/.
WebSM website "is dedicated to the methodological issues of Web surveys, but it also covers the broader area of interaction between modern technologies and survey data collection." Look for bibliographies, software, guides, standards and best practices as well as news, events and a forum for sharing information about survey methodology.
What is a Survey? NORC. June 2004. [Online] Site URL: http://www.whatisasurvey.info/.
The overall goal of this booklet, derived from work done by the author for the American Statistical Association (ASA) series of the same name, is to improve survey literacy. Includes chapters on planning a survey, judging the quality of a survey, designing and pretesting, and telephone surveys. Written for non-specialists.
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