Prepared by
Kristine M. Scannell, M.S.L.S., National Library of Medicine
Carolyn C. Willard, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine
Leonard B. Seeff, M.D., National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

2002 June

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health

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Reference Section
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Series Note

Each bibliography in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and fulfills a current awareness function. Online databases and the Internet are the primary sources for citations in these bibliographies. Relevance to the subject is the only criterion for inclusion of works in a CBM; the format, ownership, or location of the material are not considered.

Other publications in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine series are available through the Library's World Wide Web site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/resources.html

Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to:

Karen Patrias, Editor
Current Bibliographies in Medicine
Reference Section
National Library of Medicine
Bethesda, MD 20894
Phone: 301-496-6097
E-mail: custserv@nlm.nih.gov

PubMed®, LocatorPlus®, and the NLM Gateway

The Library offers three interfaces to its databases; all are available on the World Wide Web. PubMed provides access primarily to the journal literature; LocatorPlus is an online catalog of the books, journal titles, and audiovisuals held by the Library; and the NLM Gateway serves as an entry point for a variety of databases and other Library products. Further information on PubMed, LocatorPlus, and the NLM Gateway may be found at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/.

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PDF Version of This CBM

To view this bibliography in Portable Document Format (PDF), download it from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/hepatitis_c_2002.pdf.

Note that PDF documents require the use of the Adobe® Acrobat® Reader, which can be downloaded from Adobe's Web site at no charge.

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Sample Citations

Citations are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus®*. Sample journal citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title displays in brackets and the three-letter abbreviation for the language of publication appears at the end of the citation.

An availability statement follows many journal article citations. This statement contains an Internet hyperlink to the citation in the NLM PubMed retrieval system. The PubMed record includes an abstract for most articles and may also provide a link to the publisher's Internet site.

Journal Article:

Example:
Liang TJ, Rehermann B, Seeff LB, Hoofnagle JH. Pathogenesis, natural history, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Feb 15;132(4):296-305. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10681285.

Order, with separating punctuation:
Author 1, Author 2, Author 3, Author 4. Article Title. Abbreviated Journal Title. Date;Volume(Issue):Pages. Availability.

Journal Article:

Example:
Seeff LB, Miller RN, Rabkin CS, Buskell-Bales Z, Straley-Eason KD, Smoak BL, Johnson LD, Lee SR, Kaplan EL. 45-year follow-up of hepatitis C virus infection in healthy young adults. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Jan 18;132(2):105-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10644270.

Order, with separating punctuation:
Author 1, Author 2, Author 3, Author 4, Author 5, Author 6, Author 7, Author 8, Author 9. Article Title. Abbreviated Journal Title. Date;Volume(Issue):Pages. Availability.

* For details of the formats used for references, see the following publications:

Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030.

Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Supplement: Internet formats. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 2001 Jul. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/formats/internet.pdf

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Introduction

Management of Hepatitis C: 2002

Hepatitis C is the most common viral infection in the United States. The virus infects approximately 2% of the U.S., which translates to about 4 million infected persons. Globally, it is believed there are between 140 million and 170 million people with this virus. The infection begins insidiously and progresses from acute to chronic hepatitis in 50% to 85% of those initially infected. A proportion of those with chronic hepatitis C will advance, usually silently, to develop cirrhosis and, in a smaller fraction, to primary liver cancer. Indeed, chronic hepatitis C is now the most common basis requiring liver transplantation and the most common cause in the U.S. for developing liver cancer.

Although efforts to develop a vaccine to prevent the infection have so far been unsuccessful, treatment and management of the illness have been possible and thus have received much attention. Such treatment has been difficult because response rates, as defined by sustained loss of virus, were for a long time quite low, and side effects of treatment have been extremely common and unpleasant.

Because of the difficulties regarding treatment of this common infection, the National Institutes of Health decided in 1997 to hold a Consensus Development Conference on Hepatitis C. This successful conference developed guidelines for management and treatment that represented the state of the art for several years. However, because the response rate at the time was limited, and because only focused treatment trials had been conducted, recommendation for treatment was restricted to a select population.

In the five years since the first NIH Consensus Conference, a great deal more has been learned about diagnostic tests, the natural history of the disease, the pathogenesis, and the management and treatment. In particular, treatment effectiveness has increased greatly and it appears that some genetic forms of the infection can now be cured in most instances. Still, although treatment effectiveness has improved, the response rate is far from ideal among those with the most common genetic form of the viral infection. It does appear, however, that certain subgroups of infected persons who were excluded from treatment at the time of the first NIH Consensus Conference, are now regarded as acceptable candidates for treatment consideration.

Because of the remarkable increase in knowledge of hepatitis C in the past five years, NIH has decided to hold a second Consensus Development Conference on Hepatitis C. The Conference will review the advances that have occurred, update the medical community and public of these advances, and consider modifications of the original guidelines. In support of this Conference, a search was conducted of the vast literature that has accumulated on this topic in the interim. This bibliography contains selected citations to journal articles mainly in English from January 1997 to April 2002. References appear in fifteen broad categories that parallel the topics presented at the conference. An item may appear in more than one category.

For a literature review on hepatitis C before 1997, please see the Current Bibliographies in Medicine, CBM 97-1, Management of Hepatitis C, found at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/Hepatitis_C.html.

The compilers wish to thank Oluchi Ukaegbu, National Library of Medicine, for her valuable production assistance.

This publication is not copyrighted and may be freely reproduced. However any reproductions of this bibliography, in whole or in part, should include all credits. If you wish to cite this bibliography, the correct format is:

Scannell, Kristine M.; Willard, Carolyn C.; Seeff, Leonard B., compilers. Management of Hepatitis C: 2002 [bibliography on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); [2002 Jun 10] . [465 screens]. (Current bibliographies in medicine; no. 2002-3). 4841 citations from January 1997 through June 2002. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/hepatitis_c_2002.html

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Natural History

Course and Outcome of Hepatitis C

Abe T, Nakajima A, Matsunaga M, Sakuragi S, Komatsu M. Decreased tear lactoferrin concentration in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999 Jun;83(6):684-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10340976

Abe Y, Tanaka Y, Takenaka M, Yoshida H, Yatsuhashi H, Yano M. Leucocytoclastic vasculitis associated with mixed cryoglobulinaemia and hepatitis C virus infection. Br J Dermatol. 1997 Feb;136(2):272-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9068749

Abu-Shakra M, Sukenik S, Buskila D. Systemic sclerosis: another rheumatic disease associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19(5):378-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11055827

Adams G, Kuntz S, Rabalais G, Bratcher D, Tamburro CH, Kotwal GJ. Natural recovery from acute hepatitis C virus infection by agammaglobulinemic twin children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 May;16(5):533-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9154556

Adinolfi LE, Andreana A, Utili R, Zampino R, Ragone E, Ruggiero G. HCV RNA levels in serum, liver, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis C patients and their relationship to liver injury. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Nov;93(11):2162-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9820390

Agarwal S, Gockerman JP, Aldous MD, Swaim MW. Primary central nervous system lymphoma, presenting as diabetes insipidus, as a sequela of hepatitis C. Am J Med. 1999;107(3):303-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10492338

Agnello V. Hepatitis C virus infection and type II cryoglobulinemia: an immunological perspective. Hepatology. 1997 Dec;26(6):1375-9. Erratum in: Hepatology 1998 Mar;27(3):889. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9397973

Agnello V. Mixed cryoglobulinaemia after hepatitis C virus: more and less ambiguity. Ann Rheum Dis. 1998 Dec;57(12):701-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10070267

Agnello V, Abel G. Localization of hepatitis C virus in cutaneous vasculitic lesions in patients with type II cryoglobulinemia. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Nov;40(11):2007-15. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9365090

Agnello V, Liang TJ. Is hepatitis C virus a sialodacryoadenitis virus? Hepatology. 1997 Aug;26(2):509-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9252169

Ahmed ME, al-Knaway B, al-Wabel AH, Malik GM, Foli AK. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in southern Saudi Arabia. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1997 Jan-Feb;31(1):62-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9044201

Ahmed S, Shurafa MS, Bishop CR, Varterasian M. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in young African-American adults. Am J Hematol. 1999 Mar;60(3):229-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10072116

Al-Awami Y, Sears DA, Carrum G, Udden MM, Alter BP, Conlon CL. Pure red cell aplasia associated with hepatitis C infection. Am J Med Sci. 1997 Aug;314(2):113-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9258213

Albalate M, Farinas MC, Octavio JG, Perez JH, Goicoechea M, Caramelo C. Development of porphyria cutanea tarda in a hemodialysis patient after reactivation of hepatitis C virus infection. Nephron. 2001 Jun;88(2):170-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11399922

Alexander GJ. An association between hepatitis C virus infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus: what is the connection? Ann Intern Med. 2000 Oct 17;133(8):650-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11033595

Alter H. Discovery of non-A, non-B hepatitis and identification of its etiology. Am J Med. 1999 Dec 27;107(6B):16S-20S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10653450

Alvares-Da-Silva MR, Francisconi CF, Waechter FL. Acute hepatitis C complicated by pancreatitis: another extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus? J Viral Hepat. 2000 Jan;7(1):84-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10718948

Amin GA, El Biali M, Esmail Y, El Ibrahim SH, Nagy A, Fadali G, Zaki A. Study of iron status in patients with chronic hepatitis C with and without schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. J Med Res Inst. 1999;20(1):101-11.

Amin Gamal AM, Esmael Y, Nagy A, Zaki A. Assessment of patients with schistosomal hepatic fibrosis with and without chronic hepatitis C by some fibrogenesis markers, abdominal ultrasonography and liver histopathology. J Med Res Inst. 1999;20(1):112-24.

Amoroso P, Rapicetta M, Tosti ME, Mele A, Spada E, Buonocore S, Lettieri G, Pierri P, Chionne P, Ciccaglione AR, Sagliocca L. Correlation between virus genotype and chronicity rate in acute hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 1998 Jun;28(6):939-44. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9672167

Aquino RT, Chieffi PP, Catunda SM, Araujo MF, Ribeiro MC, Taddeo EF, Rolim EG. Hepatitis B and C virus markers among patients with hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2000 Nov-Dec;42(6):313-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11136517

Arase Y, Ikeda K, Chayama K, Murashima N, Tsubota A, Nakamura I, Suzuki Y, Saitoh S, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi M, Kumada H. Clinical and virological features of chronic hepatitis C carriers with normal alanine aminotransferase levels despite positive serum HCV-RNA after interferon therapy. J Gastroenterol. 1999 Oct;34(5):594-9. Comment in: J Gastroenterol. 1999 Oct;34(5):655-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10535487

Arase Y, Ikeda K, Chayama K, Murashima N, Tsubota A, Suzuki Y, Saitoh S, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi M, Suzuki F, Kumada H. Fluctuation patterns of HCV-RNA serum level in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol. 2000;35(3):221-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10755692

Arican A, Sengezer T, Bozdayi M, Bozkaya H, U"cg]ul E, Din"col D, Uzunalimoglu O. Prevalence of hepatitis-G virus and hepatitis-C virus infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Med Oncol. 2000 May;17(2):123-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10871818

Arico M, Bissolati M, Bossi G, Asti M, Cerino A, Caselli D, Ricci A, Klersy C, Silini E, Mondelli MU. GB virus type C infection in patients treated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Transfusion. 1999 Feb;39(2):212-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10037134

Armstrong SA, Gangam N, Chipman ML, Rootman DS. The prevalence of positive hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV serology in cornea donors prescreened by medical and social history in Ontario, Canada. Cornea. 1997 Sep;16(5):512-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9294680

Arrieta JJ, Rodriguez-Inigo E, Casqueiro M, Bartolom?e J, Manzarbeitia F, Herrero M, Pardo M, Carreno V. Detection of hepatitis C virus replication by In situ hybridization in epithelial cells of anti-hepatitis C virus-positive patients with and without oral lichen planus. Hepatology. 2000 Jul;32(1):97-103. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10869295

Arrieta JJ, Rodriguez-Inigo E, Ortiz-Movilla N, Bartolome J, Pardo M, Manzarbeitia F, Oliva H, Macias DM, Carreno V. In situ detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in salivary glands. Am J Pathol. 2001 Jan;158(1):259-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11141499

Ascoli V, Lo Coco F, Artini M, Levrero M, Fruscalzo A, Mecucci C. Primary effusion Burkitt's lymphoma with t(8;22) in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Hum Pathol. 1997 Jan;28(1):101-4. Comment in: Hum Pathol. 1997 Dec;28(12):1439-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9013840

Ascoli V, Lo Coco F, Artini M, Levrero M, Martelli M, Negro F. Extranodal lymphomas associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Clin Pathol. 1998 May;109(5):600-9. Comment in: Am J Clin Pathol. 1998 May;109(5):508-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9576580

Bacon BR. Iron and hepatitis C. Gut. 1997 Jul;41(1):127-8. Comment on: Gut. 1997 Jul;41(1):115-20; Gut. 1998 May;42(5):759-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9274485

Bagan JV, Ramon C, Gonzalez L, Diago M, Milian MA, Cors R, Lloria E, Cardona F, Jimenez Y. Preliminary investigation of the association of oral lichen planus and hepatitis C. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998 May;85(5):532-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9619669

Banner BF, Karamitsios N, Smith L, Bonkovsky HL. Enhanced phenotypic expression of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in an MZ heterozygote with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Sep;93(9):1541-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9732941

Banno H, Takama H, Nitta Y, Ikeya T, Hirooka Y. Lichen myxedematosus associated with chronic hepatitis C. Int J Dermatol. 2000 Mar;39(3):212-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10759965

Baratz KH, Fulcher SF, Bourne WM. Hepatitis C-associated keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Apr;116(4):529-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9565055

Barkhuizen A, Rosen HR, Wolf S, Flora K, Benner K, Bennett RM. Musculoskeletal pain and fatigue are associated with chronic hepatitis C: a report of 239 hepatology clinic patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 May;94(5):1355-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10235218

Bauduer F, Katsahian S, Blanchard Y, Oui B, Capdupuy C, Renoux M. Descriptive epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in a southwestern French hematology center: absence of significant relationship with hepatitis C virus infection. Hematol Cell Ther. 1999 Nov;41(5):191-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10651117

Bauduer F, Marty F, Larrouy M, Ducout L. Immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura as presenting symptom of hepatitis C infection. Am J Hematol. 1998 Apr;57(4):338-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9544980

Baumert TF, Wellnitz S, Aono S, Satoi J, Herion D, Tilman Gerlach J, Pape GR, Lau JY, Hoofnagle JH, Blum HE, Liang TJ. Antibodies against hepatitis C virus-like particles and viral clearance in acute and chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2000 Sep;32(3):610-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10960457

Bayliss MS, Gandek B, Bungay KM, Sugano D, Hsu MA, Ware JE Jr. A questionnaire to assess the generic and disease-specific health outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Qual Life Res. 1998 Jan;7(1):39-55. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9481150

Belgodere X, Viraben R, Gorguet B, Allaouchiche B, Lieutaud O, Maestracci D. Guess what! Cutaneous sarcoidosis, Sjogren's syndrome and autoimmune thyroiditis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Eur J Dermatol. 1999 Apr-May;9(3):235-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10408919

Berasain C, Betes M, Panizo A, Ruiz J, Herrero JI, Civeira MP, Prieto J. Pathological and virological findings in patients with persistent hypertransaminasaemia of unknown aetiology. Gut. 2000 Sep;47(3):429-35. Comment in: Gut. 2000 Sep;47(3):328-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10940283

Bigger CB, Brasky KM, Lanford RE. DNA microarray analysis of chimpanzee liver during acute resolving hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol. 2001 Aug;75(15):7059-66. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11435586

Binotto E, Boughton CR, Vollmer-Conna U, Hawkes R, Robertson P, Whybin R, Duffy Y, Lloyd AR. A serological re-evaluation of acute non-A non-B hepatitis from the early 1970s. Aust N Z J Med. 2000 Dec;30(6):668-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11198574

Bonacini M. Pruritus in patients with chronic human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C virus infections. Dig Liver Dis. 2000 Oct;32(7):621-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11142563

Bonkovsky HL, Poh-Fitzpatrick M, Pimstone N, Obando J, Di Bisceglie A, Tattrie C, Tortorelli K, LeClair P, Mercurio MG, Lambrecht RW. Porphyria cutanea tarda, hepatitis C, and HFE gene mutations in North America. Hepatology. 1998 Jun;27(6):1661-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9620340

Booth JC. Chronic hepatitis C: the virus, its discovery and the natural history of the disease. J Viral Hepat. 1998 Jul;5(4):213-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9751007

Boujaoude L, Baker S, Baker R. Iron and hepatitis C. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000 Jul;31(1):91-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10896081

Bralet MP, Roudot-Thoraval F, Pawlotsky JM, Bastie A, Tran Van Nhieu J, Duval J, Dhumeaux D, Zafrani ES. Histopathologic impact of GB virus C infection on chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 1997 Jan;112(1):188-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 8978358

Branch AD, Seeff LB. Afterword: HCV in the decades ahead. Semin Liver Dis. 2000;20(2):233-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10946427

Brandhagen DJ, Gross JB Jr, Poterucha JJ, Charlton MR, Detmer J, Kolberg J, Gossard AA, Batts KP, Kim WR, Germer JJ, Wiesner RH, Persing DH. The clinical significance of simultaneous infection with hepatitis G virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Apr;94(4):1000-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10201473

Brock JH. Benefits and dangers of iron during infection. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999 Nov;2(6):507-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10678681

Bulaj ZJ, Phillips JD, Ajioka RS, Franklin MR, Griffen LM, Guinee DJ, Edwards CQ, Kushner JP. Hemochromatosis genes and other factors contributing to the pathogenesis of porphyria cutanea tarda. Blood. 2000 Mar 1;95(5):1565-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10688809

Burt MJ, Cooksley WG. The influence of iron on chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Mar;13(3):330-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9570251

Buskila D. Hepatitis C-associated arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000 Jul;12(4):295-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10910182

Buskila D, Shnaider A, Neumann L, Lorber M, Zilberman D, Hilzenrat N, Kuperman OJ, Sikuler E. Musculoskeletal manifestations and autoantibody profile in 90 hepatitis C virus infected Israeli patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Oct;28(2):107-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9806371

Buskila D, Shnaider A, Neumann L, Zilberman D, Hilzenrat N, Sikuler E. Fibromyalgia in hepatitis C virus infection. Another infectious disease relationship. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Nov 24;157(21):2497-500. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9385302

Cacciola I, Pollicino T, Squadrito G, Cerenzia G, Orlando ME, Raimondo G. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C liver disease. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 1;341(1):22-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10387938

Caporaso N, Del Vecchio Blanco G, Tuccillo C, Loguercio C, de Sio I, Morisco F. HCV infection in symptom-free patients. Res Virol. 1997 Mar-Apr;148(2):123-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9108612

Caronia S, Taylor K, Pagliaro L, Carr C, Palazzo U, Petrik J, O'Rahilly S, Shore S, Tom BD, Alexander GJ. Further evidence for an association between non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 1999 Oct;30(4):1059-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10498660

Carrozzo M, Carbone M, Gandolfo S, Valente G, Colombatto P, Ghisetti V. An atypical verrucous carcinoma of the tongue arising in a patient with oral lichen planus associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Oral Oncol. 1997 May;33(3):220-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9307733

Caudai C, Maimone D, Almi P, Annunziata P, Bastianoni I, Boggiano CA, Guazzi GC, Padula M, Valensin PE. The potential role of hepatitis C virus in the pathogenesis of the neurological syndrome in chronic hepatitis C. Gut. 1997 Sep;41(3):411-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9378402

Cermelli C, Concari M, Pietrosemoli P, Meacci M, Sabbatini AM, Divincenzo A, Carubbi F, Loria P, Bagni A, Carulli N, Portolani M. Herpesvirus DNA is frequently detected in liver tissue from hepatitis C patients. J Clin Virol. 1999 Sep;14(1):9-16. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10548125

Chalasani N, Gitlin N. Thrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis C: is it real? Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Jul;92(7):1234-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9219815

Changing terminology of hepatitis B and C carrier: consensus statement. Indian Association for Study of the Liver (INASL). Indian J Gastroenterol. 1999 Mar;18 Suppl 1:S15-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10319554

Chapman BA, Burt MJ, Frampton CM, Chapman TM, Whitehead MR, Upton JD, George PM. Influence of haemochromatosis gene mutations on treatment outcomes in patients with hepatitis C. Intern Med J. 2001 May-Jun;31(4):254-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11456040

Chau TN , Lai ST, Lai JY, Yuen H. Acute viral hepatitis in Hong Kong: a study of recent incidences. Hong Kong Med J. 1997 Sep;3(3):261-6.

Chen JD, Chung JL, Kao JH, Chen DS. Post-partum acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis in a hepatitis C-carrier mother. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Jun;16(6):705-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11422630

Chern JP, Lin KH, Lu MY, Lin DT, Lin KS, Chen JD, Fu CC. Abnormal glucose tolerance in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemic patients. Diabetes Care. 2001 May;24(5):850-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11347742

Chia SC, Bergasa NV, Kleiner DE, Goodman Z, Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Pruritus as a presenting symptom of chronic hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci. 1998 Oct;43(10):2177-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9790451

Chowla A, Malhi-Chowla N, Chidambaram A, Surick B. Primary hepatic lymphoma in hepatitis C: case report and review of the literature. Am Surg. 1999 Sep;65(9):881-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10484095

Christie JM, Healey CJ, Watson J, Wong VS, Duddridge M, Snowden N, Rosenberg WM, Fleming KA, Chapel H, Chapman RW. Clinical outcome of hypogammaglobulinaemic patients following outbreak of acute hepatitis C: 2 year follow up. Clin Exp Immunol. 1997 Oct;110(1):4-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9353141

Christofidou M, Lambropoulou-Karatza C, Dimitracopoulos G, Spiliopoulou I. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in viremic patients with beta-thalassemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000 Sep;19(9):728-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11057513

Chu CM, Yeh CT, Liaw YF. Fulminant hepatic failure in acute hepatitis C: increased risk in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus. Gut. 1999 Oct;45(4):613-7. Comment in: Gut. 1999 Oct;45(4):481-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10486374

Chu CM, Yeh CT, Liaw YF. Viral superinfection in previously unrecognized chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus with superimposed acute fulminant versus nonfulminant hepatitis. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jan;37(1):235-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9854101

Chu CW, Hwang SJ, Luo JC, Wang YJ, Lu RH, Lai CR, Tsay SH, Wu JC, Chang FY, Lee SD. Comparison of clinical, virologic and pathologic features in patients with acute hepatitis B and C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Feb;16(2):209-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11207903

Chuang TY, Brashear R, Lewis C. Porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatitis C virus: a case-control study and meta-analysis of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999 Jul;41(1):31-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10411407

Clarke G, MacMathuna P, Fenlon H, Callagy G, O'Keane JC, Carney D, Crowe J. Primary hepatic lymphoma in a man with chronic hepatitis C. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997 Jan;9(1):87-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9031906

Coates EA, Brennan D, Logan RM, Goss AN, Scopacasa B, Spencer AJ, Gorkic E. Hepatitis C infection and associated oral health problems. Aust Dent J. 2000 Jun;45(2):108-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10925506

Coates EA, Walsh L, Logan R. The increasing problem of hepatitis C virus infection. Aust Dent J. 2001 Mar;46(1):13-7; quiz 53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11355234

Collier J, Heathcote J. Hepatitis C viral infection in the immunosuppressed patient. Hepatology. 1998 Jan;27(1):2-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9425909

Collier JD, Zanke B, Moore M, Kessler G, Krajden M, Shepherd F, Heathcote J. No association between hepatitis C and B-cell lymphoma. Hepatology. 1999 Apr;29(4):1259-61. Comment in: Hepatology. 1999 Sep;30(3):822-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10094973

Colombatto P, Randone A, Civitico G, Monti Gorin G, Dolci L, Medaina N, Calleri G, Oliveri F, Baldi M, Tappero G, Volpes R, David E, Verme G, Smedile A, Bonino F, Brunetto MR. A new hepatitis C virus-like flavivirus in patients with cryptogenic liver disease associated with elevated GGT and alkaline phosphatase serum levels. J Viral Hepat. 1997;4 Suppl 1:55-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9097279

Comandini UV, Tossini G, Longo MA, Ferri F, Cuzzi G, Noto P, Zaccarelli M, Visco G. Sporadic hepatitis C virus infection: a case-control study of transmission routes in a selected hospital sample of the general population in Italy. Scand J Infect Dis. 1998;30(1):11-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9670352

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