U.S. National Institutes of Health

Textbook of Obstetrics, Designed for the Use of Students and Practitioners, Henricus Johannes Stander and Whitridge J. Williams, New York, 1945

Courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine

Sir Norman Gregg, MD (1892–1966), an Australian ophthalmologist, identified the link between rubella and birth defects in 1941. Within a few years of Dr. Gregg’s discovery that rubella causes birth defects, medical textbooks explicitly discussed the risks associated with maternal rubella exposure.

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