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Melatonin

What is it?

Melatonin is a hormone made in the body. It regulates night and day cycles or sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin in supplements is usually made in a lab.

Darkness triggers the body to make more melatonin, which signals the body to sleep. Light decreases melatonin production and signals the body to be awake. Some people who have trouble sleeping have low levels of melatonin. It's thought that adding melatonin from supplements might help them sleep.

People most commonly use melatonin for insomnia and improving sleep in different conditions, such as jet lag. It is also used for depression, chronic pain, dementia, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses. There is also no good evidence to support using melatonin for COVID-19.

How effective is it?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.

The effectiveness ratings for MELATONIN are as follows:

Likely effective for...

  • Trouble falling asleep at a conventional bedtime (delayed sleep phase syndrome). Taking melatonin by mouth seems to shorten the time needed to fall asleep in young adults and children with this condition.
  • Non-24-hour sleep wake disorder. Taking melatonin by mouth at bedtime seems to improve sleep in children and adults who are blind.

Possibly effective for...

  • Sleep disturbance caused by certain blood pressure medicine (beta blocker-induced insomnia). Taking melatonin by mouth might reduce sleep problems in people taking beta-blocker drugs.
  • Cancer. Taking high doses of melatonin by mouth or as a shot, administered by a healthcare provider along with chemotherapy or other cancer treatments, might reduce tumor size and improve survival rates in some people with cancer.
  • Confusion and agitation after surgery. In children receiving a medication called sevoflurane during surgery, taking melatonin by mouth before anesthesia might help to prevent anxiety and agitation while waking up. The effect of taking melatonin in adults undergoing surgery is unclear.
  • High blood pressure. Taking the controlled-release form of melatonin by mouth before bedtime seems to lower blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. Immediate-release products don't seem to work.
  • Insomnia. Taking melatonin by mouth, short-term, seems to shorten the time it takes to fall asleep in people with insomnia, but only by about 7-12 minutes. It's not clear if it affects the amount of time spent sleeping. It also seems to be more helpful in older adults and those with certain other conditions.
  • Jet lag. Taking melatonin by mouth can improve certain symptoms of jet lag such as alertness and reduce daytime sleepiness and tiredness. But it might not help shorten the time it takes for people with jet lag to fall asleep.
  • Migraine. Taking melatonin by mouth before bed can prevent migraines in adults and children. It's not clear if melatonin helps to treat migraines.
  • Anxiety before a procedure. Taking melatonin by mouth or under the tongue somewhat reduces anxiety before surgery in adults. It's not clear if it helps in children.
  • Sedation before a procedure. Taking melatonin by mouth might reduce the amount of sedatives needed for some medical procedures in children.
  • Sunburn. Applying melatonin gel to the skin before sun exposure seems to help prevent sunburn.
  • A group of painful conditions that affect the jaw joint and muscle (temporomandibular disorders or TMD). Taking melatonin by mouth at bedtime for 4 weeks reduces pain in females with jaw pain.
  • Low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia). Taking melatonin by mouth can improve low blood platelet counts associated with cancer, cancer treatment, and other disorders.

Possibly ineffective for...

  • Athletic performance. Taking melatonin by mouth shortly before resistance exercise or cycling doesn't appear to improve performance.
  • Involuntary weight loss in people who are very ill (cachexia or wasting syndrome). Taking melatonin by mouth doesn't improve appetite, body weight, or body composition in people with wasting syndrome from cancer.
  • Tiredness in people with cancer. Taking melatonin by mouth doesn't seem to improve tiredness in people with cancer.
  • Pain in people with cancer. Taking melatonin by mouth doesn't seem to reduce pain in people with cancer.
  • Critical illness (trauma). Taking melatonin by mouth doesn't seem to shorten hospital stay in people that are critically ill.
  • Diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, that interfere with thinking (dementia). Taking melatonin by mouth doesn't improve behavior or affect symptoms in people with Alzheimer disease or other forms of memory loss. But it might reduce confusion when the sun goes down in people with these conditions.
  • Inability to become pregnant within a year of trying to conceive (infertility). Taking melatonin by mouth doesn't seem to improve pregnancy rates in females undergoing fertility treatments.
  • Sleep disorder due to rotating or night shifts (shift work disorder). Taking melatonin by mouth doesn't seem to improve sleeping problems in people who do shift work.

Likely ineffective for...

  • Withdrawal from drugs called benzodiazepines. Taking melatonin by mouth at bedtime doesn't reduce withdrawal symptoms in people with insomnia who have stopped taking these drugs.
  • Depression. Taking melatonin by mouth doesn't seem to reduce symptoms of depression, and might make symptoms worse in some people.
There is interest in using melatonin for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

Is it safe?

When taken by mouth: Melatonin is likely safe for most adults when used short-term. Melatonin is possibly safe when taken long-term. It's been used safely for up to 2 years. But it can cause some side effects including headache, sleepiness, dizziness, and nausea. Don't drive or use machinery for 4-5 hours after taking melatonin.

When applied to the skin: Melatonin is likely safe for most adults when used short-term.

Special precautions & warnings:

Pregnancy: Melatonin is possibly unsafe when regularly taken by mouth or in high doses while trying to become pregnant. Melatonin might have effects similar to birth control, making it more difficult to become pregnant. There isn't enough reliable information to know if melatonin is safe to use when pregnant. Until more is known, it's best not to use melatonin while pregnant or trying to become pregnant.

Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if melatonin is safe to use when breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Children: Melatonin is possibly safe when taken by mouth, short-term. Melatonin is usually well tolerated when taken in doses up to 3 mg daily in children and 5 mg daily in adolescents. There is some concern that melatonin might interfere with development during adolescence. Melatonin should only be used in children with a medical need. There isn't enough evidence to know if melatonin is safe in children when taken by mouth, long-term.

Bleeding disorders: Melatonin might make bleeding worse in people with bleeding disorders.

Depression: Melatonin can make symptoms of depression worse.

High blood pressure: Melatonin can raise blood pressure in people who are taking certain medications to control blood pressure. Avoid using it.

Seizure disorders: Using melatonin might increase the risk of having a seizure.

Transplant recipients: People who have had a transplant often take medications to suppress the immune system. Melatonin can increase immune function. This might interfere with the effects of some transplant medications.

Are there interactions with medications?

Moderate
Be cautious with this combination.
Birth control pills (Contraceptive drugs)
Birth control pills seem to increase how much melatonin the body makes. Taking melatonin along with birth control pills might increase the effects and side effects of melatonin.
Caffeine
Caffeine might increase or decrease melatonin levels in the body. When taken together with melatonin supplements, caffeine seems to increase melatonin levels.
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Taking fluvoxamine can increase the amount of melatonin that the body absorbs. Taking melatonin along with fluvoxamine might increase the effects and side effects of melatonin.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Melatonin might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Melatonin might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)
Melatonin might lower blood sugar levels. Taking melatonin along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.
Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs)
Melatonin might lower blood pressure. Taking melatonin along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Medications that decrease the immune system (Immunosuppressants)
Melatonin can increase the activity of the immune system. Some medications, such as those used after a transplant, decrease the activity of the immune system. Taking melatonin along with these medications might decrease the effects of these medications.
Medications that increase the chance of having a seizure (Seizure threshold lowering drugs)
Melatonin might increase the risk of seizures in some people. There are also some medications that can increase the risk of seizures. Taking these products together might increase the risk of a seizure even more.
Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)
Melatonin might slow blood clotting. Taking melatonin along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Medications used to prevent seizures (Anticonvulsants)
Melatonin may increase the risk of seizures. Therefore, taking melatonin may decrease the effects of medications used to prevent seizures. This might increase the risk of seizures.
Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
Taking melatonin with methamphetamine might increase the effects and side effects of methamphetamine.
Nifedipine GITS (Procardia XL)
Nifedipine GITS is used to lower blood pressure. Taking melatonin might decrease the effects of nifedipine GITS for lowering blood pressure.
Sedative medications (CNS depressants)
Melatonin might cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Some medications, called sedatives, can also cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Taking melatonin with sedative medications might cause breathing problems and/or too much sleepiness.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Warfarin is used to slow blood clotting. Melatonin might increase the effectiveness of warfarin. Taking melatonin along with warfarin might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. Be sure to have your blood checked regularly. The dose of your warfarin might need to be changed.
Minor
Be watchful with this combination.
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Flumazenil might decrease the effects of melatonin. Taking flumazenil along with melatonin might decrease the effects of melatonin supplements.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Melatonin might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates)
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Melatonin might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

Are there interactions with herbs and supplements?

Caffeine
Caffeine might increase or decrease melatonin levels in the body. When taken together with melatonin supplements, caffeine seems to increase melatonin levels.
Herbs and supplements that might lower blood pressure
Melatonin might lower blood pressure. Taking it with other supplements that have the same effect might cause blood pressure to drop too much. Examples of supplements with this effect include andrographis, casein peptides, L-arginine, niacin, and stinging nettle.
Herbs and supplements that might lower blood sugar
Melatonin might lower blood sugar. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might lower blood sugar too much. Examples of supplements with this effect include aloe, bitter melon, cassia cinnamon, chromium, and prickly pear cactus.
Herbs and supplements that might lower seizure threshold
Melatonin might increase the risk for seizures. Taking it along with other supplements with similar effects might increase the risk for seizures even more. Examples of supplements with this effect include caffeine, evening primrose, L-carnitine, melatonin, and sage.
Herbs and supplements that might slow blood clotting
Melatonin might slow blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might increase the risk of bleeding in some people. Examples of supplements with this effect include garlic, ginger, ginkgo, nattokinase, and Panax ginseng.
Herbs and supplements with sedative properties
Melatonin might cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Taking it along with other supplements with similar effects might cause too much sleepiness and/or slowed breathing in some people. Examples of supplements with this effect include hops, kava, L-tryptophan, and valerian.
Vitex agnus-castus
Taking vitex agnus-castus increases melatonin levels in the body. Taking vitex agnus-castus with melatonin might increase the effects and side effects of melatonin.

Are there interactions with foods?

There are no known interactions with foods.

How is it typically used?

Melatonin has most often been used by adults in doses up to 8 mg by mouth daily for up to 6 months. In children, it's most often been used in doses up to 3 mg by mouth daily for up to 3 months.

Some melatonin supplements are slow-release and others are fast-release. Some melatonin products can be placed under the tongue or in the cheek to absorb faster. Melatonin is also used in creams, gargles, and gels. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition.

Other names

5-Methoxy-N-Acetyltryptamine, MEL, Melatonina, Mélatonine, MLT, N-Acetyl-5-Methoxytryptamine, N-Acétyl-5-Méthoxytryptamine, Pineal Hormone.

Methodology

To learn more about how this article was written, please see the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database methodology.

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  348. Taketani, T., Tamura, H., Takasaki, A., Lee, L., Kizuka, F., Tamura, I., Taniguchi, K., Maekawa, R., Asada, H., Shimamura, K., Reiter, R. J., and Sugino, N. Protective role of melatonin in progesterone production by human luteal cells. J.Pineal Res. 2011;51:207-213. View abstract.
  349. Rossignol, D. A. and Frye, R. E. Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev.Med.Child Neurol. 2011;53:783-792. View abstract.
  350. Chahbouni, M., Escames, G., Lopez, L. C., Sevilla, B., Doerrier, C., Munoz-Hoyos, A., Molina-Carballo, A., and Acuna-Castroviejo, D. Melatonin treatment counteracts the hyperoxidative status in erythrocytes of patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin.Biochem. 2011;44(10-11):853-858. View abstract.
  351. Nickkholgh, A., Schneider, H., Sobirey, M., Venetz, W. P., Hinz, U., Pelzl, le H., Gotthardt, D. N., Cekauskas, A., Manikas, M., Mikalauskas, S., Mikalauskene, L., Bruns, H., Zorn, M., Weigand, M. A., Buchler, M. W., and Schemmer, P. The use of high-dose melatonin in liver resection is safe: first clinical experience. J.Pineal Res. 2011;50:381-388. View abstract.
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  354. Celinski, K., Konturek, S. J., Konturek, P. C., Brzozowski, T., Cichoz-Lach, H., Slomka, M., Malgorzata, P., Bielanski, W., and Reiter, R. J. Melatonin or L-tryptophan accelerates healing of gastroduodenal ulcers in patients treated with omeprazole. J.Pineal Res. 2011;50:389-394. View abstract.
  355. Ozcengiz, D., Gunes, Y., and Ozmete, O. Oral melatonin, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam for prevention of postoperative agitation in children. J.Anesth. 2011;25:184-188. View abstract.
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  357. Hussain, S. A., Al-Khalifa, I. I., Jasim, N. A., and Gorial, F. I. Adjuvant use of melatonin for treatment of fibromyalgia. J.Pineal Res. 2011;50:267-271. View abstract.
  358. Cook, J. S., Sauder, C. L., and Ray, C. A. Melatonin differentially affects vascular blood flow in humans. Am.J.Physiol Heart Circ.Physiol 2011;300:H670-H674. View abstract.
  359. Kozirog, M., Poliwczak, A. R., Duchnowicz, P., Koter-Michalak, M., Sikora, J., and Broncel, M. Melatonin treatment improves blood pressure, lipid profile, and parameters of oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome. J.Pineal Res. 2011;50:261-266. View abstract.
  360. van Geijlswijk, I. M., Korzilius, H. P., and Smits, M. G. The use of exogenous melatonin in delayed sleep phase disorder: a meta-analysis. Sleep 2010;33:1605-1614. View abstract.
  361. Dominguez-Rodriguez, A., Abreu-Gonzalez, P., Jimenez-Sosa, A., Avanzas, P., Bosa-Ojeda, F., and Kaski, J. C. Usefulness of intraplatelet melatonin levels to predict angiographic no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am.J.Cardiol. 12-1-2010;106:1540-1544. View abstract.
  362. Wade, A. G., Crawford, G., Ford, I., McConnachie, A., Nir, T., Laudon, M., and Zisapel, N. Prolonged release melatonin in the treatment of primary insomnia: evaluation of the age cut-off for short- and long-term response. Curr.Med.Res.Opin. 2011;27:87-98. View abstract.
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  364. Cichoz-Lach, H., Celinski, K., Konturek, P. C., Konturek, S. J., and Slomka, M. The effects of L-tryptophan and melatonin on selected biochemical parameters in patients with steatohepatitis. J.Physiol Pharmacol. 2010;61:577-580. View abstract.
  365. Uberos, J., Augustin-Morales, M. C., Molina, Carballo A., Florido, J., Narbona, E., and Munoz-Hoyos, A. Normalization of the sleep-wake pattern and melatonin and 6-sulphatoxy-melatonin levels after a therapeutic trial with melatonin in children with severe epilepsy. J.Pineal Res. 2011;50:192-196. View abstract.
  366. Alstadhaug, K. B., Odeh, F., Salvesen, R., and Bekkelund, S. I. Prophylaxis of migraine with melatonin: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 10-26-2010;75:1527-1532. View abstract.
  367. Vigore, L., Messina, G., Brivio, F., Fumagalli, L., Rovelli, F., DI, Fede G., and Lissoni, P. Psychoneuroendocrine modulation of regulatory T lymphocyte system: in vivo and in vitro effects of the pineal immunomodulating hormone melatonin. In Vivo 2010;24:787-789. View abstract.
  368. Kucukakin, B., Klein, M., Lykkesfeldt, J., Reiter, R. J., Rosenberg, J., and Gogenur, I. No effect of melatonin on oxidative stress after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. 2010;54:1121-1127. View abstract.
  369. Al-Aama, T., Brymer, C., Gutmanis, I., Woolmore-Goodwin, S. M., Esbaugh, J., and Dasgupta, M. Melatonin decreases delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int.J.Geriatr.Psychiatry 2011;26:687-694. View abstract.
  370. Cook, J. S. and Ray, C. A. Melatonin attenuates the vestibulosympathetic but not vestibulocollic reflexes in humans: selective impairment of the utricles. J.Appl.Physiol 2010;109:1697-1701. View abstract.
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  372. Rizzo, P., Raffone, E., and Benedetto, V. Effect of the treatment with myo-inositol plus folic acid plus melatonin in comparison with a treatment with myo-inositol plus folic acid on oocyte quality and pregnancy outcome in IVF cycles. A prospective, clinical trial. Eur.Rev.Med.Pharmacol.Sci. 2010;14:555-561. View abstract.
  373. Mrowicka, M., Garncarek, P., Miller, E., Kedziora, J., Smigielski, J., Malinowska, K., and Mrowicki, J. [Effect of melatonin on activity of superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in erythrocytes of patients during short- and long-term hypokinesis]. Wiad.Lek. 2010;63:3-9. View abstract.
  374. Strassman, R. J., Qualls, C. R., Lisansky, E. J., and Peake, G. T. Sleep deprivation reduces LH secretion in men independently of melatonin. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1991;124:646-651. View abstract.
  375. van Geijlswijk, I. M., van der Heijden, K. B., Egberts, A. C., Korzilius, H. P., and Smits, M. G. Dose finding of melatonin for chronic idiopathic childhood sleep onset insomnia: an RCT. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010;212:379-391. View abstract.
  376. Kucukakin, B., Wilhelmsen, M., Lykkesfeldt, J., Reiter, R. J., Rosenberg, J., and Gogenur, I. No effect of melatonin to modify surgical-stress response after major vascular surgery: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Eur.J.Vasc.Endovasc.Surg. 2010;40:461-467. View abstract.
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  378. Braam, W., van, Geijlswijk, I, Keijzer, H., Smits, M. G., Didden, R., and Curfs, L. M. Loss of response to melatonin treatment is associated with slow melatonin metabolism. J.Intellect.Disabil.Res. 2010;54:547-555. View abstract.
  379. Baeza, I., Fdez-Tresguerres, J., Ariznavarreta, C., and De la Fuente, M. Effects of growth hormone, melatonin, oestrogens and phytoestrogens on the oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio and lipid peroxidation in aged ovariectomized rats. Biogerontology. 2010;11:687-701. View abstract.
  380. Kunz, D. and Mahlberg, R. A two-part, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of exogenous melatonin in REM sleep behaviour disorder. J.Sleep Res. 2010;19:591-596. View abstract.
  381. Garrido, M., Paredes, S. D., Cubero, J., Lozano, M., Toribio-Delgado, A. F., Munoz, J. L., Reiter, R. J., Barriga, C., and Rodriguez, A. B. Jerte Valley cherry-enriched diets improve nocturnal rest and increase 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity in the urine of middle-aged and elderly humans. J.Gerontol.A Biol.Sci.Med.Sci. 2010;65:909-914. View abstract.
  382. Brivio, F., Fumagalli, L., Fumagalli, G., Pescia, S., Brivio, R., DI, Fede G., Rovelli, F., and Lissoni, P. Synchronization of cortisol circadian rhythm by the pineal hormone melatonin in untreatable metastatic solid tumor patients and its possible prognostic significance on tumor progression. In Vivo 2010;24:239-241. View abstract.
  383. Elkhayat, H. A., Hassanein, S. M., Tomoum, H. Y., Abd-Elhamid, I. A., Asaad, T., and Elwakkad, A. S. Melatonin and sleep-related problems in children with intractable epilepsy. Pediatr.Neurol. 2010;42:249-254. View abstract.
  384. Whittom, S., Dumont, M., Petit, D., Desautels, A., Adam, B., Lavigne, G., and Montplaisir, J. Effects of melatonin and bright light administration on motor and sensory symptoms of RLS. Sleep Med. 2010;11:351-355. View abstract.
  385. Park, K., Lee, Y., Park, S., Lee, S., Hong, Y., Kil, Lee S., and Hong, Y. Synergistic effect of melatonin on exercise-induced neuronal reconstruction and functional recovery in a spinal cord injury animal model. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:270-281. View abstract.
  386. Espino, J., Bejarano, I., Paredes, S. D., Gonzalez, D., Barriga, C., Reiter, R. J., Pariente, J. A., and Rodriguez, A. B. Melatonin counteracts alterations in oxidative metabolism and cell viability induced by intracellular calcium overload in human leucocytes: changes with age. Basic Clin.Pharmacol.Toxicol. 2010;107:590-597. View abstract.
  387. Gonzalez, A., Martinez-Campa, C., Mediavilla, M. D., Alonso-Gonzalez, C., Alvarez-Garcia, V., Sanchez-Barcelo, E. J., and Cos, S. Inhibitory effects of melatonin on sulfatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and expression in glioma cells. Oncol.Rep. 2010;23:1173-1178. View abstract.
  388. Serfaty, M. A., Osborne, D., Buszewicz, M. J., Blizard, R., and Raven, P. W. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of treatment as usual plus exogenous slow-release melatonin (6 mg) or placebo for sleep disturbance and depressed mood. Int.Clin.Psychopharmacol. 2010;25:132-142. View abstract.
  389. Akmali, M., Ahmadi, R., and Vessal, M. Pre- and post-treatment of streptozocin administered rats with melatonin: effects on some hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Arch.Iran Med. 2010;13:105-110. View abstract.
  390. Borazan, H., Tuncer, S., Yalcin, N., Erol, A., and Otelcioglu, S. Effects of preoperative oral melatonin medication on postoperative analgesia, sleep quality, and sedation in patients undergoing elective prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial. J.Anesth. 2010;24:155-160. View abstract.
  391. Pedrosa, A. M., Weinlich, R., Mognol, G. P., Robbs, B. K., Viola, J. P., Campa, A., and Amarante-Mendes, G. P. Melatonin protects CD4+ T cells from activation-induced cell death by blocking NFAT-mediated CD95 ligand upregulation. J.Immunol. 4-1-2010;184:3487-3494. View abstract.
  392. Fang, Q., Chen, G., Zhu, W., Dong, W., and Wang, Z. Influence of melatonin on cerebrovascular proinflammatory mediators expression and oxidative stress following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Mediators.Inflamm. 2009;426346. View abstract.
  393. Zaouali, M. A., Ben, Abdennebi H., Padrissa-Altes, S., Mahfoudh-Boussaid, A., and Rosello-Catafau, J. Pharmacological strategies against cold ischemia reperfusion injury. Expert.Opin.Pharmacother. 2010;11:537-555. View abstract.
  394. Guo, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, X., and Duan, Q. Melatonin protects N2a against ischemia/reperfusion injury through autophagy enhancement. J.Huazhong.Univ Sci.Technolog.Med.Sci. 2010;30:1-7. View abstract.
  395. Espino, J., Bejarano, I., Ortiz, A., Lozano, G. M., Garcia, J. F., Pariente, J. A., and Rodriguez, A. B. Melatonin as a potential tool against oxidative damage and apoptosis in ejaculated human spermatozoa. Fertil.Steril. 2010;94:1915-1917. View abstract.
  396. Srinath, R., Acharya, A. B., and Thakur, S. L. Salivary and gingival crevicular fluid melatonin in periodontal health and disease. J.Periodontol. 2010;81:277-283. View abstract.
  397. Wiktorska, J. A., Lewinski, A., Stuss, M., Nowak, D., Pietras, T., and Sewerynek, E. Effects of certain antioxidants on lipid peroxidation process in lung homogenates of L thyroxine-receiving rats. Neuro.Endocrinol.Lett. 2010;31:137-146. View abstract.
  398. Dilek, M., Naziroglu, M., Baha, Oral H., Suat, Ovey, I, Kucukayaz, M., Mungan, M. T., Kara, H. Y., and Sutcu, R. Melatonin modulates hippocampus NMDA receptors, blood and brain oxidative stress levels in ovariectomized rats. J.Membr.Biol. 2010;233(1-3):135-142. View abstract.
  399. Sharma, S., Haldar, C., Chaube, S. K., Laxmi, T., and Singh, S. S. Long-term melatonin administration attenuates low-LET gamma-radiation-induced lymphatic tissue injury during the reproductively active and inactive phases of Indian palm squirrels (Funambulus pennanti). Br.J.Radiol. 2010;83:137-151. View abstract.
  400. Kaur, C., Sivakumar, V., and Ling, E. A. Melatonin protects periventricular white matter from damage due to hypoxia. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:185-193. View abstract.
  401. Hoppe, J. B., Frozza, R. L., Horn, A. P., Comiran, R. A., Bernardi, A., Campos, M. M., Battastini, A. M., and Salbego, C. Amyloid-beta neurotoxicity in organotypic culture is attenuated by melatonin: involvement of GSK-3beta, tau and neuroinflammation. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:230-238. View abstract.
  402. Tian, X. Z., Wen, Q., Shi, J. M., Liang, Wang, Zeng, S. M., Tian, J. H., Zhou, G. B., Zhu, S. E., and Liu, G. S. Effects of melatonin on in vitro development of mouse two-cell embryos cultured in HTF medium. Endocr.Res. 2010;35:17-23. View abstract.
  403. Uluocak, N., Atilgan, D., Erdemir, F., Parlaktas, B. S., Yasar, A., Erkorkmaz, U., and Akbas, A. An animal model of ischemic priapism and the effects of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative injury parameters in rat penis. Int.Urol.Nephrol. 2010;42:889-895. View abstract.
  404. Garcia, J. J., Pinol-Ripoll, G., Martinez-Ballarin, E., Fuentes-Broto, L., Miana-Mena, F. J., Venegas, C., Caballero, B., Escames, G., Coto-Montes, A., and Acuna-Castroviejo, D. Melatonin reduces membrane rigidity and oxidative damage in the brain of SAMP8 mice. Neurobiol.Aging 2011;32:2045-2054. View abstract.
  405. Kandil, T. S., Mousa, A. A., El-Gendy, A. A., and Abbas, A. M. The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. BMC.Gastroenterol. 2010;10:7. View abstract.
  406. Esteban, S., Garau, C., Aparicio, S., Moranta, D., Barcelo, P., Fiol, M. A., and Rial, R. Chronic melatonin treatment and its precursor L-tryptophan improve the monoaminergic neurotransmission and related behavior in the aged rat brain. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:170-177. View abstract.
  407. Azpeleta, C., Martinez-Alvarez, R. M., Delgado, M. J., Isorna, E., and De, Pedro N. Melatonin reduces locomotor activity and circulating cortisol in goldfish. Horm.Behav. 2010;57:323-329. View abstract.
  408. Mogulkoc, R. and Baltaci, A. K. Effect of melatonin supplementation on plasma vasopressin response to different conditions in rats with hyperthyroidism induced by L-thyroxine. Regul.Pept. 4-9-2010;161(1-3):38-42. View abstract.
  409. Huang, S. H., Cao, X. J., Liu, W., Shi, X. Y., and Wei, W. Inhibitory effect of melatonin on lung oxidative stress induced by respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:109-116. View abstract.
  410. Suwanjang, W., Phansuwan-Pujito, P., Govitrapong, P., and Chetsawang, B. The protective effect of melatonin on methamphetamine-induced calpain-dependent death pathway in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cultured cells. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:94-101. View abstract.
  411. Rodella, L. F., Filippini, F., Bonomini, F., Bresciani, R., Reiter, R. J., and Rezzani, R. Beneficial effects of melatonin on nicotine-induced vasculopathy. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:126-132. View abstract.
  412. Hill, S. M., Frasch, T., Xiang, S., Yuan, L., Duplessis, T., and Mao, L. Molecular mechanisms of melatonin anticancer effects. Integr.Cancer Ther. 2009;8:337-346. View abstract.
  413. Rahman, S. A., Kayumov, L., and Shapiro, C. M. Antidepressant action of melatonin in the treatment of Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome. Sleep Med. 2010;11:131-136. View abstract.
  414. Paulis, L., Pechanova, O., Zicha, J., Barta, A., Gardlik, R., Celec, P., Kunes, J., and Simko, F. Melatonin interactions with blood pressure and vascular function during L-NAME-induced hypertension. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:102-108. View abstract.
  415. Dong, W., Huang, F., Fan, W., Cheng, S., Chen, Y., Zhang, W., Shi, H., and He, H. Differential effects of melatonin on amyloid-beta peptide 25-35-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons at different stages of culture. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:117-125. View abstract.
  416. Nishimura, J., Saegusa, Y., Dewa, Y., Jin, M., Kawai, M., Kemmochi, S., Harada, T., Hayashi, S. M., Shibutani, M., and Mitsumori, K. Antioxidant enzymatically modified isoquercitrin or melatonin supplementation reduces oxidative stress-mediated hepatocellular tumor promotion of oxfendazole in rats. Arch.Toxicol. 2010;84:143-153. View abstract.
  417. Bendz, L. M. and Scates, A. C. Melatonin treatment for insomnia in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Ann.Pharmacother. 2010;44:185-191. View abstract.
  418. Srivastava, R. K. and Krishna, A. Melatonin modulates glucose homeostasis during winter dormancy in a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Comp Biochem.Physiol A Mol.Integr.Physiol 2010;155:392-400. View abstract.
  419. de Castro-Silva C, de Bruin VM, Cunha GM, et al. Melatonin improves sleep and reduces nitrite in the exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis--a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Pineal Res 2010;48:65-71. View abstract.
  420. Song, Y. M. and Chen, M. D. Effects of melatonin administration on plasma leptin concentration and adipose tissue leptin secretion in mice. Acta Biol.Hung. 2009;60:399-407. View abstract.
  421. Paul MA, Miller JC, Gray GW, et al. Melatonin treatment for eastward and westward travel preparation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010;208:377-86. View abstract.
  422. Maldonado, M. D., Mora-Santos, M., Naji, L., Carrascosa-Salmoral, M. P., Naranjo, M. C., and Calvo, J. R. Evidence of melatonin synthesis and release by mast cells. Possible modulatory role on inflammation. Pharmacol.Res. 2010;62:282-287. View abstract.
  423. Sadowska-Woda, I., Wojcik, N., Karowicz-Bilinska, A., and Bieszczad-Bedrejczuk, E. Effect of selected antioxidants in beta-cyfluthrin-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes in vitro. Toxicol.In Vitro 2010;24:879-884. View abstract.
  424. Hamada, F., Watanabe, K., Wakatsuki, A., Nagai, R., Shinohara, K., Hayashi, Y., Imamura, R., and Fukaya, T. Therapeutic effects of maternal melatonin administration on ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative cerebral damage in neonatal rats. Neonatology. 2010;98:33-40. View abstract.
  425. Chowdhury, V. S., Yamamoto, K., Ubuka, T., Bentley, G. E., Hattori, A., and Tsutsui, K. Melatonin stimulates the release of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone by the avian hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2010;151:271-280. View abstract.
  426. Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Xie, Y., and Zhao, W. Melatonin modulates acute testicular damage induced by carbon ions in mice. Pharmazie 2009;64:685-689. View abstract.
  427. Cernysiov, V., Gerasimcik, N., Mauricas, M., and Girkontaite, I. Regulation of T-cell-independent and T-cell-dependent antibody production by circadian rhythm and melatonin. Int.Immunol. 2010;22:25-34. View abstract.
  428. Murawska-Cialowicz, E., Jethon, Z., Magdalan, J., Januszewska, L., Podhorska-Okolow, M., Zawadzki, M., Sozanski, T., and Dziegiel, P. Effects of melatonin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in the liver, kidneys and brain of rats administered with benzo(a)pyrene. Exp.Toxicol.Pathol. 2011;63(1-2):97-103. View abstract.
  429. Yang, F. L., Subeq, Y. M., Lee, C. J., Lee, R. P., Peng, T. C., and Hsu, B. G. Melatonin ameliorates hemorrhagic shock-induced organ damage in rats. J.Surg.Res. 5-15-2011;167:e315-e321. View abstract.
  430. Malekinejad, H., Farshid, A. A., and Mirzakhani, N. Liquorice plant extract reduces ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Exp.Toxicol.Pathol. 2011;63(1-2):125-130. View abstract.
  431. Casao, A., Mendoza, N., Perez-Pe, R., Grasa, P., Abecia, J. A., Forcada, F., Cebrian-Perez, J. A., and Muino-Blanco, T. Melatonin prevents capacitation and apoptotic-like changes of ram spermatozoa and increases fertility rate. J.Pineal Res. 2010;48:39-46. View abstract.
  432. Venkataraman, P., Selvakumar, K., Krishnamoorthy, G., Muthusami, S., Rameshkumar, R., Prakash, S., and Arunakaran, J. Effect of melatonin on PCB (Aroclor 1254) induced neuronal damage and changes in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase-4 mRNA expression in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of adult rats. Neurosci.Res. 2010;66:189-197. View abstract.
  433. Zhou, W., Wang, P., and Tao, L. Effect of melatonin on proliferation of neonatal cord blood mononuclear cells. World J.Pediatr. 2009;5:300-303. View abstract.
  434. Faigl, V., Keresztes, M., Kulcsar, M., Nagy, S., Keresztes, Z., Amiridis, G. S., Solti, L., Huszenicza, G., and Cseh, S. Testicular function and semen characteristics of Awassi rams treated with melatonin out of the breeding season. Acta Vet.Hung. 2009;57:531-540. View abstract.
  435. Srivastava, R. K. and Krishna, A. Melatonin affects steroidogenesis and delayed ovulation during winter in vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. J.Steroid Biochem.Mol.Biol. 2010;118(1-2):107-116. View abstract.
  436. Xu, S., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Li, M., Chen, Y., Chen, C., He, M., Zhang, G., and Zhong, M. Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in primary cultured neurons. Brain Res. 1-22-2010;1311:189-196. View abstract.
  437. Yildirim, G., Attar, R., Ozkan, F., Kumbak, B., Ficicioglu, C., and Yesildaglar, N. The effects of letrozole and melatonin on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model: a preliminary study. Fertil.Steril. 2010;93:1787-1792. View abstract.
  438. Rechcinski, T., Trzos, E., Wierzbowska-Drabik, K., Krzeminska-Pakula, M., and Kurpesa, M. Melatonin for nondippers with coronary artery disease: assessment of blood pressure profile and heart rate variability. Hypertens.Res. 2010;33:56-61. View abstract.
  439. Juszczak, M. and Boczek-Leszczyk, E. Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activation stimulates oxytocin release from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system while melatonin inhibits this process. Brain Res.Bull. 1-15-2010;81:185-190. View abstract.
  440. Ortega-Gutierrez, S., Lopez-Vicente, M., Lostale, F., Fuentes-Broto, L., Martinez-Ballarin, E., and Garcia, J. J. Protective effect of melatonin against mitomycin C-induced genotoxic damage in peripheral blood of rats. J.Biomed.Biotechnol. 2009;2009:791432. View abstract.
  441. Sonmez, M. F., Narin, F., and Balcioglu, E. Melatonin and vitamin C attenuates alcohol-induced oxidative stress in aorta. Basic Clin.Pharmacol.Toxicol. 2009;105:410-415. View abstract.
  442. Danielczyk, K. and Dziegiel, P. [MT1 melatonin receptors and their role in the oncostatic action of melatonin]. Postepy Hig.Med.Dosw.(Online.) 2009;63:425-434. View abstract.
  443. Franca, E. L., Feliciano, N. D., Silva, K. A., Ferrari, C. K., and Honorio-Franca, A. C. Modulatory role of melatonin on superoxide release by spleen macrophages isolated from alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Bratisl.Lek.Listy 2009;110:517-522. View abstract.
  444. Geihs, M. A., Vargas, M. A., Maciel, F. E., Caldas, S. S., Cruz, B. P., Primel, E. G., Monserrat, J. M., and Nery, L. E. Effect of melatonin in the antioxidant defense system in the locomotor muscles of the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata (Decapoda, Brachyura). Gen.Comp Endocrinol. 3-1-2010;166:72-82. View abstract.
  445. Shieh, J. M., Wu, H. T., Cheng, K. C., and Cheng, J. T. Melatonin ameliorates high fat diet-induced diabetes and stimulates glycogen synthesis via a PKCzeta-Akt-GSK3beta pathway in hepatic cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:339-344. View abstract.
  446. Kim, T. H., Jung, J. A., Kim, G. D., Jang, A. H., Ahn, H. J., Park, Y. S., and Park, C. S. Melatonin inhibits the development of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:324-329. View abstract.
  447. Shi, J. M., Tian, X. Z., Zhou, G. B., Wang, L., Gao, C., Zhu, S. E., Zeng, S. M., Tian, J. H., and Liu, G. S. Melatonin exists in porcine follicular fluid and improves in vitro maturation and parthenogenetic development of porcine oocytes. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:318-323. View abstract.
  448. Carbajo-Pescador, S., Martin-Renedo, J., Garcia-Palomo, A., Tunon, M. J., Mauriz, J. L., and Gonzalez-Gallego, J. Changes in the expression of melatonin receptors induced by melatonin treatment in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:330-338. View abstract.
  449. Ersoz, N., Guven, A., Cayci, T., Uysal, B., Turk, E., Oztas, E., Akgul, E. O., Korkmaz, A., and Cetiner, S. Comparison of the efficacy of melatonin and 1400W on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: a role for inhibiting iNOS. Ren Fail. 2009;31:704-710. View abstract.
  450. Cemek, M., Emin, Buyukokuroglu M., Yurumez, Y., Yavuz, Y., Aslan, A., Buyukben, A., and Aymelek, F. Tissue trace and major element levels in organophosphate insecticide fenthion (Lebaycid) toxicity in rats: prophylactic and therapeutic effect of exogenous melatonin. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf 2010;73:206-212. View abstract.
  451. Borah, A. and Mohanakumar, K. P. Melatonin inhibits 6-hydroxydopamine production in the brain to protect against experimental parkinsonism in rodents. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:293-300. View abstract.
  452. Izykowska, I., Cegielski, M., Gebarowska, E., Podhorska-Okolow, M., Piotrowska, A., Zabel, M., and Dziegiel, P. Effect of melatonin on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts subjected to UVA and UVB radiation In vitro. In Vivo 2009;23:739-745. View abstract.
  453. Izykowska, I., Gebarowska, E., Cegielski, M., Podhorska-Okolow, M., Piotrowska, A., Zabel, M., and Dziegiel, P. Effect of melatonin on melanoma cells subjected to UVA and UVB radiation in In vitro studies. In Vivo 2009;23:733-738. View abstract.
  454. Jagota, A. and Kalyani, D. Effect of melatonin on age induced changes in daily serotonin rhythms in suprachiasmatic nucleus of male Wistar rat. Biogerontology. 2010;11:299-308. View abstract.
  455. Spuch, C., Antequera, D., Isabel Fernandez-Bachiller, M., Isabel Rodriguez-Franco, M., and Carro, E. A new tacrine-melatonin hybrid reduces amyloid burden and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurotox.Res. 2010;17:421-431. View abstract.
  456. Martinez-Campa, C., Gonzalez, A., Mediavilla, M. D., Alonso-Gonzalez, C., Alvarez-Garcia, V., Sanchez-Barcelo, E. J., and Cos, S. Melatonin inhibits aromatase promoter expression by regulating cyclooxygenases expression and activity in breast cancer cells. Br.J.Cancer 11-3-2009;101:1613-1619. View abstract.
  457. Yurtcu, M., Abasiyanik, A., Bicer, S., and Avunduk, M. C. Efficacy of antioxidant treatment in the prevention of testicular atrophy in experimental testicular torsion. J.Pediatr.Surg. 2009;44:1754-1758. View abstract.
  458. Kuehn, C. C., Rodrigues Oliveira, L. G., Santos, C. D., Ferreira, D. S., Alonso Toldo, M. P., de, Albuquerque S., and do Prado, J. C. J. Melatonin and dehydroepiandrosterone combination: does this treatment exert a synergistic effect during experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection? J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:253-259. View abstract.
  459. Paternoster, L., Radogna, F., Accorsi, A., Cristina, Albertini M., Gualandi, G., and Ghibelli, L. Melatonin as a modulator of apoptosis in B-lymphoma cells. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 2009;1171:345-349. View abstract.
  460. Santello, F. H., Del Vecchio, Filipin M., Caetano, L. C., Brazao, V., Caetano, L. N., Dos Santos, C. D., Alonso Toldo, M. P., and do Prado, J. C. J. Influence of melatonin therapy and orchiectomy on T cell subsets in male Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:271-276. View abstract.
  461. Kumar, A. and Singh, A. Possible involvement of GABAergic mechanism in protective effect of melatonin against sleep deprivation-induced behaviour modification and oxidative damage in mice. Fundam.Clin.Pharmacol. 2009;23:439-448. View abstract.
  462. Lin, G. J., Huang, S. H., Chen, Y. W., Hueng, D. Y., Chien, M. W., Chia, W. T., Chang, D. M., and Sytwu, H. K. Melatonin prolongs islet graft survival in diabetic NOD mice. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:284-292. View abstract.
  463. Pan, L., Fu, J. H., Xue, X. D., Xu, W., Zhou, P., and Wei, B. Melatonin protects against oxidative damage in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. World J.Pediatr. 2009;5:216-221. View abstract.
  464. Petrosillo, G., Colantuono, G., Moro, N., Ruggiero, F. M., Tiravanti, E., Di, Venosa N., Fiore, T., and Paradies, G. Melatonin protects against heart ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Am.J.Physiol Heart Circ.Physiol 2009;297:H1487-H1493. View abstract.
  465. Gomez-Moreno, G., Guardia, J., Ferrera, M. J., Cutando, A., and Reiter, R. J. Melatonin in diseases of the oral cavity. Oral Dis. 2010;16:242-247. View abstract.
  466. Tapias, V., Cannon, J. R., and Greenamyre, J. T. Melatonin treatment potentiates neurodegeneration in a rat rotenone Parkinson's disease model. J.Neurosci.Res. 2-1-2010;88:420-427. View abstract.
  467. Sonmez, M. F., Narin, F., Akkus, D., and Ozdamar, S. Effect of melatonin and vitamin C on expression of endothelial NOS in heart of chronic alcoholic rats. Toxicol.Ind.Health 2009;25:385-393. View abstract.
  468. Alonso-Vale, M. I., Peres, S. B., Vernochet, C., Farmer, S. R., and Lima, F. B. Adipocyte differentiation is inhibited by melatonin through the regulation of C/EBPbeta transcriptional activity. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:221-227. View abstract.
  469. Pan, L., Xu, W., Fu, J. H., and Xue, X. D. [Effect of melatonin on hyperoxia-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the lung of neonatal rats with chronic lung disease]. Zhongguo Dang.Dai Er.Ke.Za Zhi. 2009;11:581-584. View abstract.
  470. Cruz, A., Tasset, I., Ramirez, L. M., Arjona, A., Segura, J., Tunez, I., Montilla, P., Muntane, J., and Padillo, F. J. Effect of melatonin on myocardial oxidative stress induced by experimental obstructive jaundice. Rev.Esp.Enferm.Dig. 2009;101:460-463. View abstract.
  471. Reiter, R. J., Paredes, S. D., Manchester, L. C., and Tan, D. X. Reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress: a newly-discovered genre for melatonin. Crit Rev.Biochem.Mol.Biol. 2009;44:175-200. View abstract.
  472. Zeman, M., Szantoova, K., Stebelova, K., Mravec, B., and Herichova, I. Effect of rhythmic melatonin administration on clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the heart of hypertensive TGR(mRen2)27 rats. J.Hypertens.Suppl 2009;27:S21-S26. View abstract.
  473. Martin, V., Garcia-Santos, G., Rodriguez-Blanco, J., Casado-Zapico, S., Sanchez-Sanchez, A., Antolin, I., Medina, M., and Rodriguez, C. Melatonin sensitizes human malignant glioma cells against TRAIL-induced cell death. Cancer Lett. 1-28-2010;287:216-223. View abstract.
  474. Terron, M. P., Delgado, J., Paredes, S. D., Barriga, C., Reiter, R. J., and Rodriguez, A. B. Effect of melatonin and tryptophan on humoral immunity in young and old ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria). Exp.Gerontol. 2009;44:653-658. View abstract.
  475. Zarazaga, L. A., Gatica, M. C., Celi, I., Guzman, J. L., and Malpaux, B. Effect of melatonin implants on sexual activity in Mediterranean goat females without separation from males. Theriogenology 10-15-2009;72:910-918. View abstract.
  476. Jung, K. H., Hong, S. W., Zheng, H. M., Lee, D. H., and Hong, S. S. Melatonin downregulates nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappaB during prevention of oxidative liver injury in a dimethylnitrosamine model. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:173-183. View abstract.
  477. Samantaray, S., Das, A., Thakore, N. P., Matzelle, D. D., Reiter, R. J., Ray, S. K., and Banik, N. L. Therapeutic potential of melatonin in traumatic central nervous system injury. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:134-142. View abstract.
  478. Veneroso, C., Tunon, M. J., Gonzalez-Gallego, J., and Collado, P. S. Melatonin reduces cardiac inflammatory injury induced by acute exercise. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:184-191. View abstract.
  479. Chang, H. M., Wu, U. I., and Lan, C. T. Melatonin preserves longevity protein (sirtuin 1) expression in the hippocampus of total sleep-deprived rats. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:211-220. View abstract.
  480. Maciel, F. E., Ramos, B. P., Geihs, M. A., Vargas, M. A., Cruz, B. P., Meyer-Rochow, V. B., Vakkuri, O., Allodi, S., Monserrat, J. M., and Nery, L. E. Effects of melatonin in connection with the antioxidant defense system in the gills of the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata. Gen.Comp Endocrinol. 1-15-2010;165:229-236. View abstract.
  481. Bazwinsky-Wutschke, I., Muhlbauer, E., Wolgast, S., and Peschke, E. Transcripts of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases are changed after forskolin- or IBMX-induced insulin secretion due to melatonin treatment of rat insulinoma beta-cells (INS-1). Horm.Metab Res. 2009;41:805-813. View abstract.
  482. Fukai, S. and Akishita, M. [Hormone replacement therapy--growth hormone, melatonin, DHEA and sex hormones]. Nihon Rinsho 2009;67:1396-1401. View abstract.
  483. Paredes, S. D., Bejarano, I., Terron, M. P., Barriga, C., Reiter, R. J., and Rodriguez, A. B. Melatonin and tryptophan counteract lipid peroxidation and modulate superoxide dismutase activity in ringdove heterophils in vivo. Effect of antigen-induced activation and age. Age (Dordr.) 2009;31:179-188. View abstract.
  484. Neri, G., Baffa, C., De, Stefano A., Poliandri, A., Kulamarva, G., Di, Giovanni P., Petrucci, A. G., Castriotta, A., Citraro, L., Cerrone, D., D' Orazio, F., and Croce, A. Management of tinnitus: oral treatment with melatonin and sulodexide. J.Biol.Regul.Homeost.Agents 2009;23:103-110. View abstract.
  485. Luthringer R, Muzet M, Zisapel N, Staner L. The effect of prolonged-release melatonin on sleep measures and psychomotor performance in elderly patients with insomnia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;24:239-49. View abstract.
  486. Tsiligianni, T., Valasi, I., Cseh, S., Vainas, E., Faigl, V., Samartzi, F., Papanikolaou, T., Dovolou, E., and Amiridis, G. S. Effects of melatonin treatment on follicular development and oocyte quality in Chios ewes - short communication. Acta Vet.Hung. 2009;57:331-335. View abstract.
  487. Carretero, M., Escames, G., Lopez, L. C., Venegas, C., Dayoub, J. C., Garcia, L., and Acuna-Castroviejo, D. Long-term melatonin administration protects brain mitochondria from aging. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:192-200. View abstract.
  488. Shang, Y., Xu, S. P., Wu, Y., Jiang, Y. X., Wu, Z. Y., Yuan, S. Y., and Yao, S. L. Melatonin reduces acute lung injury in endotoxemic rats. Chin Med.J.(Engl.) 6-20-2009;122:1388-1393. View abstract.
  489. Jang, S. S., Kim, W. D., and Park, W. Y. Melatonin exerts differential actions on X-ray radiation-induced apoptosis in normal mice splenocytes and Jurkat leukemia cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:147-155. View abstract.
  490. Laughlin, G. A., Loucks, A. B., and Yen, S. S. Marked augmentation of nocturnal melatonin secretion in amenorrheic athletes, but not in cycling athletes: unaltered by opioidergic or dopaminergic blockade. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:1321-1326. View abstract.
  491. Park, J. W., Hwang, M. S., Suh, S. I., and Baek, W. K. Melatonin down-regulates HIF-1 alpha expression through inhibition of protein translation in prostate cancer cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:415-421. View abstract.
  492. Tahan, V., Atug, O., Akin, H., Eren, F., Tahan, G., Tarcin, O., Uzun, H., Ozdogan, O., Tarcin, O., Imeryuz, N., Ozguner, F., Celikel, C., Avsar, E., and Tozun, N. Melatonin ameliorates methionine- and choline-deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:401-407. View abstract.
  493. Bejarano, I., Redondo, P. C., Espino, J., Rosado, J. A., Paredes, S. D., Barriga, C., Reiter, R. J., Pariente, J. A., and Rodriguez, A. B. Melatonin induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human myeloid HL-60 cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:392-400. View abstract.
  494. Berlinguer, F., Leoni, G. G., Succu, S., Spezzigu, A., Madeddu, M., Satta, V., Bebbere, D., Contreras-Solis, I., Gonzalez-Bulnes, A., and Naitana, S. Exogenous melatonin positively influences follicular dynamics, oocyte developmental competence and blastocyst output in a goat model. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:383-391. View abstract.
  495. Li, Z., Nickkholgh, A., Yi, X., Bruns, H., Gross, M. L., Hoffmann, K., Mohr, E., Zorn, M., Buchler, M. W., and Schemmer, P. Melatonin protects kidney grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of NF-kB and apoptosis after experimental kidney transplantation. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:365-372. View abstract.
  496. Kain, Z. N., MacLaren, J. E., Herrmann, L., Mayes, L., Rosenbaum, A., Hata, J., and Lerman, J. Preoperative melatonin and its effects on induction and emergence in children undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Anesthesiology 2009;111:44-49. View abstract.
  497. Velarde, E., Alonso-Gomez, A. L., Azpeleta, C., Isorna, E., and Delgado, M. J. Melatonin attenuates the acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated intestine of a teleost fish. J.Comp Physiol B 2009;179:951-959. View abstract.
  498. Nah, S. S., Won, H. J., Park, H. J., Ha, E., Chung, J. H., Cho, H. Y., and Baik, H. H. Melatonin inhibits human fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase/P21(CIP1)/P27(KIP1) pathways. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:70-74. View abstract.
  499. Gimenez, F., Stornelli, M. C., Tittarelli, C. M., Savignone, C. A., Dorna, I. V., de la Sota, R. L., and Stornelli, M. A. Suppression of estrus in cats with melatonin implants. Theriogenology 9-1-2009;72:493-499. View abstract.
  500. Magnanou, E., Attia, J., Fons, R., Boeuf, G., and Falcon, J. The timing of the shrew: continuous melatonin treatment maintains youthful rhythmic activity in aging Crocidura russula. PLoS.One. 2009;4:e5904. View abstract.
  501. Joo, S. S. and Yoo, Y. M. Melatonin induces apoptotic death in LNCaP cells via p38 and JNK pathways: therapeutic implications for prostate cancer. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:8-14. View abstract.
  502. Ganguly, K. and Swarnakar, S. Induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -3 in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced acute gastric ulcers in mice: regulation by melatonin. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:43-55. View abstract.
  503. Girgert, R., Hanf, V., Emons, G., and Grundker, C. Membrane-bound melatonin receptor MT1 down-regulates estrogen responsive genes in breast cancer cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;47:23-31. View abstract.
  504. Arrebola, F. A., Abecia, J. A., Forcada, F., Garcia, A., Martin, R. A., and Mesa, O. Effects of annual rainfall and farm on lamb production after treatment with melatonin implants in Merino sheep: a 4-year study. N.Z.Vet.J. 2009;57:141-145. View abstract.
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  511. Assayed, M. E. and Abd El-Aty, A. M. Protection of rat chromosomes by melatonin against gamma radiation-induced damage. Mutat.Res. 2009;677(1-2):14-20. View abstract.
  512. Gingerich, S., Wang, X., Lee, P. K., Dhillon, S. S., Chalmers, J. A., Koletar, M. M., and Belsham, D. D. The generation of an array of clonal, immortalized cell models from the rat hypothalamus: analysis of melatonin effects on kisspeptin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone neurons. Neuroscience 9-15-2009;162:1134-1140. View abstract.
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  515. Jung-Hynes, B. and Ahmad, N. SIRT1 controls circadian clock circuitry and promotes cell survival: a connection with age-related neoplasms. FASEB J. 2009;23:2803-2809. View abstract.
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  517. Aladag, M. A., Turkoz, Y., Parlakpinar, H., Ozen, H., Egri, M., and Unal, S. C. Melatonin ameliorates cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoidal haemorrhage correcting imbalance of nitric oxide levels in rats. Neurochem.Res. 2009;34:1935-1944. View abstract.
  518. Baeza, I., Alvarado, C., Alvarez, P., Salazar, V., Castillo, C., Ariznavarreta, C., Fdez-Tresguerres, J. A., and De la Fuente, M. Improvement of leucocyte functions in ovariectomised aged rats after treatment with growth hormone, melatonin, oestrogens or phyto-oestrogens. J.Reprod.Immunol. 2009;80(1-2):70-79. View abstract.
  519. Kesik, V., Guven, A., Vurucu, S., Tunc, T., Uysal, B., Gundogdu, G., Oztas, E., and Korkmaz, A. Melatonin and 1400 W ameliorate both intestinal and remote organ injury following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. J.Surg.Res. 2009;157:e97-e105. View abstract.
  520. Venkataraman, P., Krishnamoorthy, G., Selvakumar, K., and Arunakaran, J. Oxidative stress alters creatine kinase system in serum and brain regions of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254)-exposed rats: protective role of melatonin. Basic Clin.Pharmacol.Toxicol. 2009;105:92-97. View abstract.
  521. Wisessmith, W., Phansuwan-Pujito, P., Govitrapong, P., and Chetsawang, B. Melatonin reduces induction of Bax, caspase and cell death in methamphetamine-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cultured cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:433-440. View abstract.
  522. Sokullu, O., Sanioglu, S., Kurc, E., Sargin, M., Deniz, H., Tartan, Z., Aka, S. A., and Bilgen, F. Does the circadian rhythm of melatonin affect ischemia-reperfusion injury after coronary artery bypass grafting? Heart Surg.Forum 2009;12:E95-E99. View abstract.
  523. Braam, W., Smits, M. G., Didden, R., Korzilius, H., van Geijlswijk, I. M., and Curfs, L. M. Exogenous melatonin for sleep problems in individuals with intellectual disability: a meta-analysis. Dev.Med.Child Neurol. 2009;51:340-349. View abstract.
  524. Bekyarova, G., Tancheva, S., and Hristova, M. Protective effect of melatonin against oxidative hepatic injury after experimental thermal trauma. Methods Find.Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 2009;31:11-14. View abstract.
  525. Makay, B., Makay, O., Yenisey, C., Icoz, G., Ozgen, G., Unsal, E., Akyildiz, M., and Yetkin, E. The interaction of oxidative stress response with cytokines in the thyrotoxic rat: is there a link? Mediators.Inflamm. 2009;2009:391682. View abstract.
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  527. Kurcer, Z., Hekimoglu, A., Aral, F., Baba, F., and Sahna, E. Effect of melatonin on epididymal sperm quality after testicular ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Fertil.Steril. 3-15-2010;93:1545-1549. View abstract.
  528. Gogenur, I., Kucukakin, B., Bisgaard, T., Kristiansen, V., Hjortso, N. C., Skene, D. J., and Rosenberg, J. The effect of melatonin on sleep quality after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesth.Analg. 2009;108:1152-1156. View abstract.
  529. Ismail, S. A. and Mowafi, H. A. Melatonin provides anxiolysis, enhances analgesia, decreases intraocular pressure, and promotes better operating conditions during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia. Anesth.Analg. 2009;108:1146-1151. View abstract.
  530. Wang, X., Figueroa, B. E., Stavrovskaya, I. G., Zhang, Y., Sirianni, A. C., Zhu, S., Day, A. L., Kristal, B. S., and Friedlander, R. M. Methazolamide and melatonin inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome C release and are neuroprotective in experimental models of ischemic injury. Stroke 2009;40:1877-1885. View abstract.
  531. Vazquez, M. I., Forcada, F., Casao, A., Abecia, J. A., Sosa, C., and Palacin, I. Undernutrition and exogenous melatonin can affect the in vitro developmental competence of ovine oocytes on a seasonal basis. Reprod.Domest.Anim 2010;45:677-684. View abstract.
  532. Kaji, H., Inukai, Y., Maiguma, T., Ono, H., Teshima, D., Hiramoto, K., and Makino, K. Radical scavenging activity of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids and traditional prophylactics against chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. J.Clin.Pharm.Ther. 2009;34:197-205. View abstract.
  533. Ambriz-Tututi, M., Rocha-Gonzalez, H. I., Cruz, S. L., and Granados-Soto, V. Melatonin: a hormone that modulates pain. Life Sci. 4-10-2009;84(15-16):489-498. View abstract.
  534. Maity, P., Bindu, S., Dey, S., Goyal, M., Alam, A., Pal, C., Reiter, R., and Bandyopadhyay, U. Melatonin reduces indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal cell apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial oxidative stress and the activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:314-323. View abstract.
  535. Tamura, E. K., Cecon, E., Monteiro, A. W., Silva, C. L., and Markus, R. P. Melatonin inhibits LPS-induced NO production in rat endothelial cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:268-274. View abstract.
  536. Tajes, Orduna M., Pelegri, Gabalda C., Vilaplana, Hortensi J., Pallas, Lliberia M., and Camins, Espuny A. An evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in an in vitro experimental model of age-induced neuronal apoptosis. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:262-267. View abstract.
  537. Regodon, S., del Prado, Miguez M., Jardin, I., Lopez, J. J., Ramos, A., Paredes, S. D., and Rosado, J. A. Melatonin, as an adjuvant-like agent, enhances platelet responsiveness. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:275-285. View abstract.
  538. Sung, J. H., Cho, E. H., Kim, M. O., and Koh, P. O. Identification of proteins differentially expressed by melatonin treatment in cerebral ischemic injury--a proteomics approach. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:300-306. View abstract.
  539. Diez, E. R., Prados, L. V., Carrion, A., Ponce, Z. A., and Miatello, R. M. A novel electrophysiologic effect of melatonin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:155-160. View abstract.
  540. Cucina, A., Proietti, S., D'Anselmi, F., Coluccia, P., Dinicola, S., Frati, L., and Bizzarri, M. Evidence for a biphasic apoptotic pathway induced by melatonin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:172-180. View abstract.
  541. Regodon, S., Ramos, A., Morgado, S., Tarazona, R., Martin-Palomino, P., Rosado, J. A., and Miguez, Mdel P. Melatonin enhances the immune response to vaccination against A1 and C strains of Dichelobacter nodosus. Vaccine 3-4-2009;27:1566-1570. View abstract.
  542. Bharti, V. K. and Srivastava, R. S. Fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat's brain and its amelioration by buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins and melatonin. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 2009;130:131-140. View abstract.
  543. Gehrman, P. R., Connor, D. J., Martin, J. L., Shochat, T., Corey-Bloom, J., and Ancoli-Israel, S. Melatonin fails to improve sleep or agitation in double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of institutionalized patients with Alzheimer disease. Am.J.Geriatr.Psychiatry 2009;17:166-169. View abstract.
  544. Takasaki, A., Tamura, H., Taniguchi, K., Asada, H., Taketani, T., Matsuoka, A., Yamagata, Y., Shimamura, K., Morioka, H., and Sugino, N. Luteal blood flow and luteal function. J.Ovarian.Res. 2009;2:1. View abstract.
  545. Chen, Z., Chua, C. C., Gao, J., Chua, K. W., Ho, Y. S., Hamdy, R. C., and Chua, B. H. Prevention of ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac apoptosis and injury by melatonin is independent of glutathione peroxdiase 1. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:235-241. View abstract.
  546. Solmaz, I., Gurkanlar, D., Gokcil, Z., Goksoy, C., Ozkan, M., and Erdogan, E. Antiepileptic activity of melatonin in guinea pigs with pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Neurol.Res. 2009;31:989-995. View abstract.
  547. MacFarlane, J. G., Cleghorn, J. M., Brown, G. M., and Streiner, D. L. The effects of exogenous melatonin on the total sleep time and daytime alertness of chronic insomniacs: a preliminary study. Biol.Psychiatry 8-15-1991;30:371-376. View abstract.
  548. Caballero, B., Vega-Naredo, I., Sierra, V., Huidobro-Fernandez, C., Soria-Valles, C., De Gonzalo-Calvo, D., Tolivia, D., Pallas, M., Camins, A., Rodriguez-Colunga, M. J., and Coto-Montes, A. Melatonin alters cell death processes in response to age-related oxidative stress in the brain of senescence-accelerated mice. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:106-114. View abstract.
  549. Esposito, E., Genovese, T., Caminiti, R., Bramanti, P., Meli, R., and Cuzzocrea, S. Melatonin reduces stress-activated/mitogen-activated protein kinases in spinal cord injury. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:79-86. View abstract.
  550. Koch BC, Nagtegaal JE, Hagen EC, et al. The effects of melatonin on sleep-wake rhythm of daytime haemodialysis patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study (EMSCAP study). Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;67:68-75. View abstract.
  551. Lahiri, S., Singh, P., Singh, S., Rasheed, N., Palit, G., and Pant, K. K. Melatonin protects against experimental reflux esophagitis. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:207-213. View abstract.
  552. Pei, M., He, F., Wei, L., and Rawson, A. Melatonin enhances cartilage matrix synthesis by porcine articular chondrocytes. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:181-187. View abstract.
  553. Huang, L. T., Tiao, M. M., Tain, Y. L., Chen, C. C., and Hsieh, C. S. Melatonin ameliorates bile duct ligation-induced systemic oxidative stress and spatial memory deficits in developing rats. Pediatr.Res. 2009;65:176-180. View abstract.
  554. Cagnacci, A., Elliott, J. A., and Yen, S. S. Amplification of pulsatile LH secretion by exogenous melatonin in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:210-212. View abstract.
  555. Li, H. L., Kang, Y. M., Yu, L., Xu, H. Y., and Zhao, H. Melatonin reduces blood pressure in rats with stress-induced hypertension via GABAA receptors. Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol 2009;36:436-440. View abstract.
  556. Caumo, W., Levandovski, R., and Hidalgo, M. P. Preoperative anxiolytic effect of melatonin and clonidine on postoperative pain and morphine consumption in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J.Pain 2009;10:100-108. View abstract.
  557. Luchetti, F., Betti, M., Canonico, B., Arcangeletti, M., Ferri, P., Galli, F., and Papa, S. ERK MAPK activation mediates the antiapoptotic signaling of melatonin in UVB-stressed U937 cells. Free Radic.Biol.Med. 2-1-2009;46:339-351. View abstract.
  558. Rimmele, U., Spillmann, M., Bartschi, C., Wolf, O. T., Weber, C. S., Ehlert, U., and Wirtz, P. H. Melatonin improves memory acquisition under stress independent of stress hormone release. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009;202:663-672. View abstract.
  559. Ramadan, T. A., Taha, T. A., Samak, M. A., and Hassan, A. Effectiveness of exposure to longday followed by melatonin treatment on semen characteristics of Damascus male goats during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Theriogenology 2009;71:458-468. View abstract.
  560. Korkmaz, A., Tamura, H., Manchester, L. C., Ogden, G. B., Tan, D. X., and Reiter, R. J. Combination of melatonin and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist induces apoptosis in a breast cancer cell line. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:115-116. View abstract.
  561. Manda, K., Ueno, M., and Anzai, K. Cranial irradiation-induced inhibition of neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice: attenuation by melatonin pretreatment. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:71-78. View abstract.
  562. Scott, P. R., Sargison, N. D., Macrae, A. I., and Gough, M. R. Melatonin treatment prior to the normal breeding season increases fetal number in United Kingdom sheep flocks. Vet.J. 2009;182:198-202. View abstract.
  563. Lu, W. Z., Song, G. H., Gwee, K. A., and Ho, K. Y. The effects of melatonin on colonic transit time in normal controls and IBS patients. Dig.Dis.Sci. 2009;54:1087-1093. View abstract.
  564. Guizar-Sahagun, G., Rodriguez-Balderas, C. A., Franco-Bourland, R. E., Martinez-Cruz, A., Grijalva, I., Ibarra, A., and Madrazo, I. Lack of neuroprotection with pharmacological pretreatment in a paradigm for anticipated spinal cord lesions. Spinal Cord. 2009;47:156-160. View abstract.
  565. Valero, N., Nery, A., Bonilla, E., Espina, L. M., Chacin-Bonilla, L., Anez, F., Maldonado, M., and Melean, E. Antagonistic effect of luzindole in mice treated with melatonin during the infection with the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Neurochem.Res. 2009;34:268-273. View abstract.
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  567. Sarabia, L., Maurer, I., and Bustos-Obregon, E. Melatonin prevents damage elicited by the organophosphorous pesticide diazinon on mouse sperm DNA. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf 2009;72:663-668. View abstract.
  568. Sarabia, L., Maurer, I., and Bustos-Obregon, E. Melatonin prevents damage elicited by the organophosphorous pesticide diazinon on the mouse testis. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf 2009;72:938-942. View abstract.
  569. Baykara, B., Tekmen, I., Pekcetin, C., Ulukus, C., Tuncel, P., Sagol, O., Ormen, M., and Ozogul, C. The protective effects of carnosine and melatonin in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver. Acta Histochem. 2009;111:42-51. View abstract.
  570. Manjunatha, B. M., Devaraj, M., Gupta, P. S., Ravindra, J. P., and Nandi, S. Effect of taurine and melatonin in the culture medium on buffalo in vitro embryo development. Reprod.Domest.Anim 2009;44:12-16. View abstract.
  571. Kang, J. T., Koo, O. J., Kwon, D. K., Park, H. J., Jang, G., Kang, S. K., and Lee, B. C. Effects of melatonin on in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte and expression of melatonin receptor RNA in cumulus and granulosa cells. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:22-28. View abstract.
  572. Ortiz-Lopez, L., Morales-Mulia, S., Ramirez-Rodriguez, G., and Benitez-King, G. ROCK-regulated cytoskeletal dynamics participate in the inhibitory effect of melatonin on cancer cell migration. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:15-21. View abstract.
  573. Vazquez, M. I., Forcada, F., Casao, A., Sosa, C., Palacin, I., and Abecia, J. A. Effects of melatonin and undernutrition on the viability of ovine embryos during anestrus and the breeding season. Anim Reprod.Sci. 2009;112(1-2):83-94. View abstract.
  574. Liang, R., Nickkholgh, A., Hoffmann, K., Kern, M., Schneider, H., Sobirey, M., Zorn, M., Buchler, M. W., and Schemmer, P. Melatonin protects from hepatic reperfusion injury through inhibition of IKK and JNK pathways and modification of cell proliferation. J.Pineal Res. 2009;46:8-14. View abstract.
  575. Wirtz, P. H., Spillmann, M., Bartschi, C., Ehlert, U., and von Kanel, R. Oral melatonin reduces blood coagulation activity: a placebo-controlled study in healthy young men. J Pineal Res 2008;44:127-133. View abstract.
  576. Konturek, S. J., Konturek, P. C., Brzozowski, T., and Bubenik, G. A. Role of melatonin in upper gastrointestinal tract. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007;58 Suppl 6:23-52. View abstract.
  577. Reiter, R. J., Tan, D. X., Manchester, L. C., and Tamura, H. Melatonin defeats neurally-derived free radicals and reduces the associated neuromorphological and neurobehavioral damage. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007;58 Suppl 6:5-22. View abstract.
  578. Dowling GA, Burr RL, Van Someren EJ, et al. Melatonin and bright-light treatment for rest-activity disruption in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:239-46. View abstract.
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  580. Caumo, W., Torres, F., Moreira, N. L., Jr., Auzani, J. A., Monteiro, C. A., Londero, G., Ribeiro, D. F., and Hidalgo, M. P. The clinical impact of preoperative melatonin on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth.Analg. 2007;105:1263-71, table. View abstract.
  581. Lopez-Gonzalez, M. A., Santiago, A. M., and Esteban-Ortega, F. Sulpiride and melatonin decrease tinnitus perception modulating the auditolimbic dopaminergic pathway. J Otolaryngol. 2007;36:213-219. View abstract.
  582. Peles, E., Hetzroni, T., Bar-Hamburger, R., Adelson, M., and Schreiber, S. Melatonin for perceived sleep disturbances associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal among patients in methadone maintenance treatment: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Addiction 2007;102:1947-1953. View abstract.
  583. Wade AG, Ford I, Crawford G, et al. Efficacy of prolonged release melatonin in insomnia patients aged 55-80 years: quality of sleep and next-day alertness outcomes. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:2597-605. View abstract.
  584. Vissers, F. H., Knipschild, P. G., and Crebolder, H. F. Is melatonin helpful in stopping the long-term use of hypnotics? A discontinuation trial. Pharm.World Sci. 2007;29:641-646. View abstract.
  585. Bjorvatn, B., Stangenes, K., Oyane, N., Forberg, K., Lowden, A., Holsten, F., and Akerstedt, T. Randomized placebo-controlled field study of the effects of bright light and melatonin in adaptation to night work. Scand.J Work Environ.Health 2007;33:204-214. View abstract.
  586. Vandewalle, G., Middleton, B., Rajaratnam, S. M., Stone, B. M., Thorleifsdottir, B., Arendt, J., and Dijk, D. J. Robust circadian rhythm in heart rate and its variability: influence of exogenous melatonin and photoperiod. J Sleep Res 2007;16:148-155. View abstract.
  587. Forrest, C. M., Mackay, G. M., Stoy, N., Stone, T. W., and Darlington, L. G. Inflammatory status and kynurenine metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis treated with melatonin. Br.J Clin Pharmacol 2007;64:517-526. View abstract.
  588. Klupinska, G., Poplawski, T., Drzewoski, J., Harasiuk, A., Reiter, R. J., Blasiak, J., and Chojnacki, J. Therapeutic effect of melatonin in patients with functional dyspepsia. J.Clin.Gastroenterol. 2007;41:270-274. View abstract.
  589. Berk, L., Berkey, B., Rich, T., Hrushesky, W., Blask, D., Gallagher, M., Kudrimoti, M., McGarry, R. C., Suh, J., and Mehta, M. Randomized phase II trial of high-dose melatonin and radiation therapy for RPA class 2 patients with brain metastases (RTOG 0119). Int.J Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys. 7-1-2007;68:852-857. View abstract.
  590. Medeiros CA, Carvalhedo de Bruin PF, Lopes LA, et al. Effect of exogenous melatonin on sleep and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Neurol 2007;254:459-64. View abstract.
  591. Suresh Kumar PN, Andrade C, Bhakta SG, and Singh NM. Melatonin in schizophrenic outpatients with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:237-41. View abstract.
  592. van der Heijden, K. B., Smits, M. G., van Someren, E. J., Ridderinkhof, K. R., and Gunning, W. B. Effect of melatonin on sleep, behavior, and cognition in ADHD and chronic sleep-onset insomnia. J Am Acad.Child Adolesc.Psychiatry 2007;46:233-241. View abstract.
  593. Jaworek, J. Ghrelin and melatonin in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion and maintaining of integrity. J Physiol Pharmacol 2006;57 Suppl 5:83-96. View abstract.
  594. Ravindra, T., Lakshmi, N. K., and Ahuja, Y. R. Melatonin in pathogenesis and therapy of cancer. Indian J Med Sci. 2006;60:523-535. View abstract.
  595. Dominguez-Rodriguez, A., Abreu-Gonzalez, P., Garcia-Gonzalez, M. J., Kaski, J. C., Reiter, R. J., and Jimenez-Sosa, A. A unicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of Melatonin as an Adjunct in patients with acute myocaRdial Infarction undergoing primary Angioplasty The Melatonin Adjunct in the acute myocaRdial Infarction treated with Angioplasty (MARIA) trial: study design and rationale. Contemp.Clin Trials 2007;28:532-539. View abstract.
  596. Naguib, M., Samarkandi, A. H., Moniem, M. A., Mansour, Eel, Alshaer, A. A., Al Ayyaf, H. A., Fadin, A., and Alharby, S. W. The effects of melatonin premedication on propofol and thiopental induction dose-response curves: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Anesth.Analg. 2006;103:1448-1452. View abstract.
  597. Turkistani, A., Abdullah, K. M., Al Shaer, A. A., Mazen, K. F., and Alkatheri, K. Melatonin premedication and the induction dose of propofol. Eur.J Anaesthesiol. 2007;24:399-402. View abstract.
  598. Vriend, J., Sheppard, M. S., and Borer, K. T. Melatonin increases serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in male Syrian hamsters via hypothalamic neurotransmitters. Growth Dev.Aging 1990;54:165-171. View abstract.
  599. Grossman, E., Laudon, M., Yalcin, R., Zengil, H., Peleg, E., Sharabi, Y., Kamari, Y., Shen-Orr, Z., and Zisapel, N. Melatonin reduces night blood pressure in patients with nocturnal hypertension. Am J Med 2006;119:898-902. View abstract.
  600. Ibrahim, M. G., Bellomo, R., Hart, G. K., Norman, T. R., Goldsmith, D., Bates, S., and Egi, M. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised pilot study of nocturnal melatonin in tracheostomised patients. Crit Care Resusc. 2006;8:187-191. View abstract.
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Last reviewed - 10/18/2023