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Dirección de esta página: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/754.html

Luteína

¿Qué es?

La luteína es un tipo de pigmento orgánico llamado carotenoide. Está relacionado con el betacaroteno y la vitamina A. Mucha gente piensa en la luteína como "la vitamina del ojo".

La luteína es uno de los dos principales carotenoides que se encuentran en el ojo humano (mácula y retina). Se cree que funciona como un filtro de luz, protegiendo los tejidos oculares del daño de la luz solar. Los alimentos ricos en luteína incluyen yemas de huevo, espinacas, col rizada, maíz, pimiento naranja, kiwi, uvas, calabacín y calabaza.

La luteína se toma comúnmente por vía oral para prevenir enfermedades oculares, incluidas las cataratas y una enfermedad que conduce a la pérdida de la visión en los adultos mayores (degeneración macular relacionada con la edad o AMD). La luteína se usa para muchas otras condiciones, pero no existe una buena evidencia científica que respalde estos otros usos.

¿Qué tan efectivo es?

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.

La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:

Posiblemente eficaz para...

  • Una enfermedad ocular que conduce a la pérdida de la visión en adultos mayores (degeneración macular relacionada con la edad o AMD). La ingesta de suplementos de luteína durante un máximo de 36 meses puede mejorar algunos síntomas de la DMAE. Se pueden ver más beneficios cuando se toma durante al menos 3 meses en dosis superiores a 5 mg y cuando se combina con otras vitaminas carotenoides. Pero la luteína no parece evitar que la AMD empeore con el tiempo.
  • Cataratas. Comer cantidades más altas de luteína en la dieta está relacionado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar cataratas. Pero no está claro si la ingesta de suplementos de luteína ayuda a las personas que ya tienen cataratas.

Posiblemente ineficaz para...

  • Una enfermedad pulmonar que afecta a los recién nacidos (displasia broncopulmonar). Dar a los bebés prematuros luteína y zeaxantina por vía oral no reduce la posibilidad de desarrollar displasia broncopulmonar.
  • Una enfermedad intestinal grave en bebés prematuros (enterocolitis necrotizante o ECN). Dar a los bebés prematuros luteína y zeaxantina por vía oral no previene la ECN.
  • Una afección ocular hereditaria que causa mala visión nocturna y pérdida de la visión lateral (retinitis pigmentosa). La ingesta de luteína no mejora la visión ni otros síntomas en personas con retinosis pigmentaria.
  • Un trastorno ocular en bebés prematuros que puede provocar ceguera (retinopatía del prematuro). Dar a los bebés prematuros luteína y zeaxantina por vía oral no previene la retinopatía del prematuro.
Existe interés en usar la luteína para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil.

¿Es seguro?

Cuando se toma por vía oral: La luteína es probablemente segura cuando se toma por vía oral. El consumo de hasta 20 mg de luteína al día como parte de la dieta o como suplemento parece ser seguro.

Advertencias y precauciones especiales:

Embarazo y lactancia: Es probable que la luteína sea segura cuando se usa en las cantidades que se encuentran en los alimentos.

Niños: Es probable que la luteína sea segura cuando se toma por vía oral en cantidades adecuadas. Un producto específico (LUTEINofta, SOOFT Italia SpA) que contiene 0,14 mg de luteína al día se ha utilizado de forma segura en lactantes durante 36 semanas.

¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?

No se sabe si este producto interactúa con algún medicamento.

Si está tomando medicamentos, converse con su proveedor de atención médica antes de empezar a tomar este producto.

¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?

Betacaroteno
El uso de betacaroteno junto con luteína puede reducir la cantidad de luteína o betacaroteno que el cuerpo puede absorber.
Vitamina E
Tomar suplementos de luteína podría disminuir la cantidad de vitamina E que absorbe el cuerpo. La ingesta de luteína y vitamina E juntas podría disminuir los efectos de la vitamina E.

¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?

No se conoce ninguna interacción con alimentos.

¿Como se usa normalmente?

La luteína se encuentra en muchos alimentos, como la yema de huevo, la espinaca, la col rizada, el maíz, la pimienta naranja, el kiwi, las uvas, el calabacín y la calabaza. Hay 44 mg de luteína en una taza de col rizada cocida, 26 mg por taza de espinaca cocida y 3 mg por taza de brócoli.

La luteína también se toma en suplementos. Los adultos lo usan con mayor frecuencia en dosis de 10 a 20 mg por vía oral al día, hasta por 3 años. Muchas multivitaminas contienen luteína. Por lo general, proporcionan una cantidad relativamente pequeña, como 0.25 mg por comprimido. La luteína se absorbe mejor cuando se toma con una comida rica en grasas. Hable con un proveedor de atención médica para averiguar qué tipo de producto o dosis podría ser mejor para una condición específica.

Otros nombres

All-E-Lutein, Beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol, E-Lutein, Luteina, Lutéine, Lutéine Synthétique, Synthetic Lutein.

Metodología

Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

Referencias

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