Qualifiers by Allowable Category - 2009

This array contains 62 subject categories and the Qualifiers assigned to those categories. Each list includes the name of the MeSH subcategory or range of subcategories in which the majority of terms are found that fit the description given, e.g., fluids and secretions are most often found in category A12 and the set of Qualifiers shown fits reasonably with most terms there. These lists are provided as general guidelines only. Each MeSH Descriptor has been assigned a set of allowable Qualifiers that makes sense for that Descriptor; when a named list contains a Qualifier that does not fit well with the Descriptor, that Qualifier is rejected as an allowable qualifier. Conversely, when a useful Qualifier lies outside a particular named list assigned to a Descriptor, the list is amplified to make the Qualifier available.

In the lists below, those with a single letter (A LIST) indicate that, unless otherwise restricted, the listed Qualifiers have general application to the category as a whole. When a Qualifier list applies either to a specific portion of a subcategory or extends across several different categories, a mnemonic name is given to represent the included concepts instead of a long string of tree numbers. Examples are CELLS LIST (covering a specific portion of A11) and ENDOGENOUS LIST (applying to several different D subcategories). It is emphasized that if a numbered list has application to a term in another tree, the list will be assigned to that term regardless of the name or number of the tree. NULL LIST indicates for a given MeSH Descriptor that no Qualifiers have been made available to that Descriptor.

A LIST - General Anatomy

AB /abnorm

AH /anat

BS /blood supply

CH /chem

CY /cytol

DE /drug eff

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

GD /growth

IM /immunol

IN /inj

IR /innerv

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PA /pathol

PH /physiol

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

RA /radiogr

RE /rad eff

RI /radionuclide

SE /secret

SU /surg

TR /transpl

UL /ultrastruct

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

A1 LIST - Body Regions

AB /abnorm

AH /anat

BS /blood supply

EM /embryol

GD /growth

IN /inj

IR /innerv

MI /microbiol

PA /pathol

PH /physiol

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

RA /radiogr

RE /rad eff

RI /radionuclide

SU /surg

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

A7 LIST - Cardiovascular System

AB /abnorm

AH /anat

CH /chem

CY /cytol

DE /drug eff

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

GD /growth

IM /immunol

IN /inj

IR /innerv

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PA /pathol

PH /physiol

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

RA /radiogr

RE /rad eff

RI /radionuclide

SE /secret

SU /surg

TR /transpl

UL /ultrastruct

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

A8 LIST - Nervous System

AB /abnorm

AH /anat

BS /blood supply

CH /chem

CY /cytol

DE /drug eff

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

GD /growth

IM /immunol

IN /inj

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PA /pathol

PH /physiol

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

RA /radiogr

RE /rad eff

RI /radionuclide

SE /secret

SU /surg

TR /transpl

UL /ultrastruct

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

CELLS LIST - (A11)

CH /chem

CL /class

CY /cytol

DE /drug eff

EN /enzymol

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PA /pathol

PH /physiol

PS /parasitol

RA /radiogr

RE /rad eff

RI /radionuclide

SE /secret

TR /transpl

UL /ultrastruct

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

SUBCELLULAR ELEMENTS LIST - (A11)

CH /chem

CL /class

DE /drug eff

EN /enzymol

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PA /pathol

PH /physiol

PS /parasitol

RA /radiogr

RE /rad eff

RI /radionuclide

SE /secret

TR /transpl

UL /ultrastruct

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

A12 LIST - Fluids and Secretions

CH /chem

CY /cytol

DE /drug eff

EN /enzymol

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PH /physiol

PS /parasitol

RA /radiogr

RE /rad eff

RI /radionuclide

SE /secret

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

INVERTEBRATES LIST - Invertebrates

AH /anat

CH /chem

CL /class

CY /cytol

DE /drug eff

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

GD /growth

GE /genet

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PH /physiol

PS /parasitol

PY /pathogen

RE /rad eff

UL /ultrastruct

VI /virol

MAMMALS LIST - (B2)

AB /abnorm

AH /anat

BL /blood

CF /csf

CL /class

EM /embryol

GD /growth

GE /genet

IM /immunol

IN /inj

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PH /physiol

PS /parasitol

PX /psychol

SU /surg

UR /urine

VI /virol

VERTEBRATES LIST - Vertebrates

AB /abnorm

AH /anat

BL /blood

CF /csf

CL /class

EM /embryol

GD /growth

GE /genet

IM /immunol

IN /inj

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PH /physiol

PS /parasitol

SU /surg

UR /urine

VI /virol

B2, B3, B5, B7, B8 LIST - Bacteria, Lower Plants, Fungi, Archaea, and Mesomycetozoea

CH /chem

CL /class

CY /cytol

DE /drug eff

EN /enzymol

GD /growth

GE /genet

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PH /physiol

PY /pathogen

RE /rad eff

UL /ultrastruct

VI /virol

B4 LIST - Viruses

CH /chem

CL /class

DE /drug eff

EN /enzymol

GD /growth

GE /genet

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PH /physiol

PY /pathogen

RE /rad eff

UL /ultrastruct

B6 LIST - Plants

AE /adv eff

AH /anat

CH /chem

CL /class

CY /cytol

DE /drug eff

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

GD /growth

GE /genet

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

PH /physiol

PO /pois

PS /parasitol

RE /rad eff

TO /tox

UL /ultrastruct

VI /virol

C LIST - General Diseases

BL /blood

CF /csf

CI /chem ind

CL /class

CN /congen

CO /compl

DH /diet ther

DI /diag

DT /drug ther

EC /econ

EH /ethnol

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

EP /epidemiol

ET /etiol

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

MO /mortal

NU /nurs

PA /pathol

PC /prev

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

PX /psychol

RA /radiogr

RH /rehabil

RI /radionuclide

RT /radiother

SU /surg

TH /ther

UR /urine

US /ultrasonogr

VE /vet

VI /virol

C1-C3 LIST - Infections

BL /blood

CF /csf

CI /chem ind

CL /class

CN /congen

CO /compl

DH /diet ther

DI /diag

DT /drug ther

EC /econ

EH /ethnol

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

EP /epidemiol

ET /etiol

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

MO /mortal

NU /nurs

PA /pathol

PC /prev

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

PX /psychol

RA /radiogr

RH /rehabil

RI /radionuclide

RT /radiother

SU /surg

TH /ther

TM /transm

UR /urine

US /ultrasonogr

VE /vet

VI /virol

LEUKEMIA LIST - (C4)

BL /blood

CF /csf

CI /chem ind

CL /class

CN /congen

CO /compl

DH /diet ther

DI /diag

DT /drug ther

EC /econ

EH /ethnol

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

EP /epidemiol

ET /etiol

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

MO /mortal

NU /nurs

PA /pathol

PC /prev

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

PX /psychol

RA /radiogr

RH /rehabil

RI /radionuclide

RT /radiother

SU /surg

TH /ther

UR /urine

US /ultrasonogr

VE /vet

VI /virol

NEOPLASMS LIST - (C4)

BL /blood

BS /blood supply

CF /csf

CH /chem

CI /chem ind

CL /class

CN /congen

CO /compl

DH /diet ther

DI /diag

DT /drug ther

EC /econ

EH /ethnol

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

EP /epidemiol

ET /etiol

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

MO /mortal

NU /nurs

PA /pathol

PC /prev

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

PX /psychol

RA /radiogr

RH /rehabil

RI /radionuclide

RT /radiother

SC /second

SE /secret

SU /surg

TH /ther

UL /ultrastruct

UR /urine

US /ultrasonogr

VE /vet

VI /virol

C16 LIST - Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities

BL /blood

CF /csf

CI /chem ind

CL /class

CO /compl

DH /diet ther

DI /diag

DT /drug ther

EC /econ

EH /ethnol

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

EP /epidemiol

ET /etiol

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

MO /mortal

NU /nurs

PA /pathol

PC /prev

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

PX /psychol

RA /radiogr

RH /rehabil

RI /radionuclide

RT /radiother

SU /surg

TH /ther

UL /ultrastruct

UR /urine

US /ultrasonogr

VE /vet

VI /virol

C22 LIST - Animal Diseases

BL /blood

CF /csf

CI /chem ind

CL /class

CN /congen

CO /compl

DH /diet ther

DI /diag

DT /drug ther

EC /econ

EM /embryol

EN /enzymol

EP /epidemiol

ET /etiol

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

MO /mortal

NU /nurs

PA /pathol

PC /prev

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

PX /psychol

RA /radiogr

RI /radionuclide

RT /radiother

SU /surg

TH /ther

TM /transm

UR /urine

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

D LIST - General Drugs and Chemicals

AA /analogs

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DU /diag use

EC /econ

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UR /urine

ENDOGENOUS LIST - (D)

AA /analogs

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DF /defic

DU /diag use

EC /econ

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PH /physiol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

SE /secret

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UR /urine

ELEMENTS LIST - (D1)

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CT /contra

DF /defic

DU /diag use

EC /econ

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PH /physiol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UR /urine

D1 LIST - Inorganic Chemicals

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DU /diag use

EC /econ

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UR /urine

ENZYMES LIST - (D8)

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AI /antag

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DE /drug eff

DF /defic

DU /diag use

EC /econ

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PH /physiol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

SE /secret

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UL /ultrastruct

UR /urine

BLOOD PROTEINS LIST - (D12)

AA /analogs

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DE /drug eff

DF /defic

DU /diag use

EC /econ

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PH /physiol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

SE /secret

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UL /ultrastruct

UR /urine

PEPTIDES LIST - (D12)

AA /analogs

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DE /drug eff

DF /defic

DU /diag use

EC /econ

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PH /physiol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

SE /secret

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UR /urine

PROTEINS LIST - (D12)

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DE /drug eff

DF /defic

DU /diag use

EC /econ

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PH /physiol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

SE /secret

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UL /ultrastruct

UR /urine

RECEPTORS LIST - (D12)

AD /admin

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

BL /blood

CH /chem

CL /class

DE /drug eff

DF /defic

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PH /physiol

RE /rad eff

TU /ther use

UL /ultrastruct

D13.444 LIST - Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides

AA /analogs

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DE /drug eff

DF /defic

DU /diag use

EC /econ

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PH /physiol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

SE /secret

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UL /ultrastruct

UR /urine

D20.85 LIST - Antibiotics

AA /analogs

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AG /agon

AI /antag

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DU /diag use

EC /econ

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UR /urine

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY LIST - (D24)

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AN /anal

BI /biosyn

BL /blood

CF /csf

CH /chem

CL /class

CT /contra

DE /drug eff

DU /diag use

EC /econ

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PH /physiol

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

TO /tox

TU /ther use

UL /ultrastruct

UR /urine

D25-26 LIST - Miscellaneous Dental Agents and Materials

AD /admin

AE /adv eff

AN /anal

CH /chem

CL /class

CS /chem syn

CT /contra

DU /diag use

EC /econ

HI /hist

IP /isol

ME /metab

PD /pharmacol

PK /pharmacokin

PO /pois

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

ST /stand

TO /tox

TU /ther use

E LIST - General Techniques

AE /adv eff

CL /class

CT /contra

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

MO /mortal

MT /methods

NU /nurs

PX /psychol

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

VE /vet

LABORATORY LIST - (E, H)

CL /class

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

MT /methods

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

VE /vet

OGRAPHIES LIST - (E1)

AE /adv eff

CL /class

CT /contra

DE /drug eff

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

MO /mortal

MT /methods

NU /nurs

PX /psychol

RE /rad eff

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

VE /vet

E4 LIST - Surgical Procedures, Operative

AE /adv eff

CL /class

CT /contra

EC /econ

ED /educ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

LJ /legis

MO /mortal

MT /methods

NU /nurs

PX /psychol

RH /rehabil

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

VE /vet

E6 LIST - Dentistry

AE /adv eff

CL /class

CT /contra

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

MA /man

MO /mortal

MT /methods

NU /nurs

PX /psychol

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

VE /vet

E7 LIST - Equipment and Supplies

AE /adv eff

CL /class

CT /contra

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

MI /microbiol

PS /parasitol

SD /supply

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

VE /vet

VI /virol

F1-F2 LIST - Behavior and Cognition

CL /class

DE /drug eff

ES /ethics

PH /physiol

RE /rad eff

F3 LIST - Mental Disorders

BL /blood

CF /csf

CI /chem ind

CL /class

CO /compl

DH /diet ther

DI /diag

DT /drug ther

EC /econ

EH /ethnol

EN /enzymol

EP /epidemiol

ET /etiol

GE /genet

HI /hist

IM /immunol

ME /metab

MI /microbiol

MO /mortal

NU /nurs

PA /pathol

PC /prev

PP /physiopathol

PS /parasitol

PX /psychol

RA /radiogr

RH /rehabil

RI /radionuclide

SU /surg

TH /ther

UR /urine

US /ultrasonogr

VI /virol

F4 LIST - Behavioral Disciplines and Activities

CL /class

EC /econ

ED /educ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

LJ /legis

MA /man

MT /methods

OG /organ

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

G LIST - General Physiology

DE /drug eff

ES /ethics

GE /genet

IM /immunol

PH /physiol

RE /rad eff

SPECIALTIES LIST - (G1-2)

CL /class

EC /econ

ED /educ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

LJ /legis

MA /man

MT /methods

OG /organ

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

G3 LIST - Environment and Public Health

AE /adv eff

AN /anal

CL /class

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

LJ /legis

MT /methods

PC /prev

SN /statist

ST /stand

PREGNANCY LIST - (G8)

BL /blood

CF /csf

DE /drug eff

EH /ethnol

ES /ethics

GE /genet

IM /immunol

ME /metab

PH /physiol

PX /psychol

RE /rad eff

UR /urine

G12 LIST - Chemical and Pharmacologic Phenomena

EH /ethnol

GE /genet

IM /immunol

PH /physiol

RE /rad eff

CHEMISTRY LIST - (H)

DE /drug eff

RE /rad eff

PHYSICS LIST - (H)

AE /adv eff

CL /class

DU /diag use

HI /hist

TU /ther use

I LIST - Social Sciences and Politics

CL /class

EC /econ

ED /educ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

LJ /legis

MA /man

MT /methods

OG /organ

SD /supply

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

SOCIAL PROBLEMS LIST -

CL /class

EC /econ

EH /ethnol

ES /ethics

HI /hist

LJ /legis

PC /prev

PX /psychol

SN /statist

TD /trends

SOCIAL PROBLEMS LIST -

CL /class

EC /econ

EH /ethnol

ES /ethics

HI /hist

LJ /legis

PC /prev

PX /psychol

SN /statist

TD /trends

I2 LIST - Education

CL /class

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

LJ /legis

MA /man

MT /methods

OG /organ

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

I3 LIST - Human Activities

CL /class

EC /econ

ED /educ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IN /inj

LJ /legis

PX /psychol

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

SUBSTANCES LIST - (J)

AE /adv eff

AN /anal

CL /class

EC /econ

HI /hist

MI /microbiol

PO /pois

PS /parasitol

RE /rad eff

SD /supply

SN /statist

ST /stand

TO /tox

UT /util

VI /virol

K LIST - Humanities

CL /class

ED /educ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

PX /psychol

SN /statist

TD /trends

J LIST - Technology and Food and Beverages

CL /class

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

LJ /legis

MA /man

MT /methods

SN /statist

ST /stand

LIBRARY LIST - (L)

CL /class

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

IS /instrum

LJ /legis

MA /man

OG /organ

SD /supply

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

L LIST - Information Science

CL /class

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

LJ /legis

SD /supply

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

M LIST - Persons

CL /class

ED /educ

HI /hist

LJ /legis

PX /psychol

SN /statist

N1 LIST - Population Characteristics

CL /class

HI /hist

SN /statist

N2 LIST - Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services

CL /class

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

LJ /legis

MA /man

MT /methods

OG /organ

SD /supply

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

HEALTH CARE LIST - (N3-5)

CL /class

EC /econ

ES /ethics

HI /hist

LJ /legis

OG /organ

SN /statist

ST /stand

TD /trends

UT /util

Z LIST - Geographic Locations

EH /ethnol

EP /epidemiol