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Gallery of Images

Embryology and Classification of Conjoined Twins

Diagram of germ layers in embryos of conjoined twins, 1889.

Craniopagus: joined at the cranium (head).

Age of Superstition (15th-18th centuries)

Locher, Jacob, 1471-1528. Carmen heroicum de partu monstrifero. Ingolstadt: Johann Kachelofen, after 26 Nov. 1499.

Paré, Ambroise, 1510?-1590. Deux livres de chirurgie. Paris: André Wechel, 1573.

Liceti, Fortunio, 1577-1657. De monstrorum caussis, natura, et differentiis libri duo. Patavii: Apud Paulum Frambottum, 1634.

Aristotle, pseud. Aristotle's compleat master piece, in three parts. The 29th ed. London: Printed and sold by the booksellers, 1772.

Marvels on Exhibit (19th century)

Early publicity illustration in color	Exhibition tour handbill	Currier and Ives illustration	Chang-Eng with two children
Sketch of Chang-Eng's autopsied bodies, 1874	Diagrammatic representation of Chang-Eng's shared livers	Peritoneal pouches in the connecting band of Chang and Eng	Millie and Christine McCoy, Europe, ca. 1873
Millie-Christine, Inter-Ocean Railroad Show Poster, 1882	Millie-Christine autobiography title page, 1869	Illustration of Millie-Christine showing conjoinedness, 1871	Closeup of Millie-Christine's shared tissue

Separation Surgeries (20th century-present)

Clara-Alta Rodriguez, shortly after birth	Dr. Koop with the twins in post-operative recovery	Clara and Alta in post-operative recovery	Koop explains the surgery to the press
Close-up of Dr. Koop's notes	Dr. Koop holding the separated twins	Clara and Alta at home in the Dominican Republic ca. 1975
Note: All images displayed in the separation surgeries section may be found in the C. Everett Koop Papers at the National Library of Medicine and are the courtesy of Dr. Koop. Images of the separated twins taken at the hospital are posted to the website by permission of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Every effort was made to secure the permissions to post the other images, but the current copyright owner either could not be identified or could not be contacted. If you have information regarding the copyright owner, please contact us at hmdref@nlm.nih.gov.

Images not used

Paré, Ambroise. Les Oeuvres de M. Ambroise Paré. Paris: Gabriel Buon, 1575.	Liceti, Fortunio. De Monstris. Ed. Novissimo. Amstelodami: Sumptibus Andreae Frisii, 1665.	Paré, Ambroise. Les Oeuvres de M. Ambroise Paré. Paris: Gabriel Buon, 1575.
Millie-Christine, Philadelpha, 1871	Millie-Christine McCoy, Brighton, England, ca. 1873

Last reviewed: 20 September 2007
Last updated: 14 August 2006
First published: 04 August 2006
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