But is the strongest effect from hearing drums or from doing the drumming?
[Dickerson:]
I think it's a bit of both. Part of it is a cultural benefit, meaning their ability to engage and feel good about being American Indian and Alaska Native to increase their self-esteem, and then there's some science showing that brainwave activity is positively impacted, so alpha and theta wave brain activity is enhanced which is what you would see in meditation and some healthier states of mind, so there is some science although somewhat limited, but there is science showing that this could be helpful for anyone. So we know drumming is used all throughout the world both in indigenous communities and mainstream population. So there appears to be, you know, benefits for the human brain in general.