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PubMed Tutorial, United States National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health

d

Boolean Logic (continued)

To review:

  • Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT must be entered in UPPERCASE.
  • AND is the default operator used in PubMed. If you do not include Boolean operators in your search, PubMed will automatically use AND between terms.
  • PubMed processes Boolean connectors left-to-right.
  • You can change the order of processing by nesting an individual concept in parentheses. The terms inside the parentheses will be processed as a unit and then incorporated into the overall strategy. [Show Me]

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Last reviewed: 3 April 2013
Last updated: 7 February 2013
First published: 20 March 2001
Metadata| Permanence level: Permanent: Dynamic Content