Preprints are housed on servers that are commonly hosted by universities, non-profit organizations, and publishers. There are general preprint repositories, like arXiv; field-specific repositories like bioRxiv, EarthArXiv and ChemRxiv; geography-specific repositories like AfricArxiv; and preprint services integrated into publisher submission workflows like Research Square (Springer Nature) and Authorea (Wiley).
| Repository | Type | URL |
|---|---|---|
| arXiv | General | https://arxiv.org/ |
| bioRxiv | Field-specific | https://www.biorxiv.org/ |
| EarthArXiv | Field-specific | https://eartharxiv.org/ |
| ChemRxiv | Field-specific | https://chemrxiv.org/ |
| medRxiv | Field-specific | https://www.medrxiv.org/ |
| AfricArxiv | Geography-specific | https://info.africarxiv.org/ |
| Research Square (Springer Nature) | Publisher submission workflows | https://www.researchsquare.com/ |
| Authorea (Wiley) | Publisher submission workflows | https://wileyopenresearch.authorea.com/ |
Preprint servers for physics, math and social sciences have existed for many decades. Servers for preprints in health and biomedicine are generally much younger. Some well-known biomedical preprint servers are bioRxiv, which launched in 2013, and medRxiv, which began accepting papers in mid-2019.
You can find a directory of preprint servers at ASAPbio. Make sure to scroll to the bottom of the page.