About John Shaw Billings

Books

Cassedy, James H. John Shaw Billings: science and medicine in the Gilded Age. Bethesda, Md.: Xlibris Corp., 2009.

Chapman, Carleton B. Order out of chaos--John Shaw Billings and America's coming of age. Boston: Boston Medical Library, 1994.

Garrison, Fielding H. John Shaw Billings--A memoir. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1915.

Havighurst, Walter. Men of old Miami, 1809–1873: A book of portraits. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1974.

Lydenberg, Harry Miller. John Shaw Billings--Creator of the National Medical Library and its Catalogue--First director of the New York Public Library. Chicago: American Library Association, 1924.

Rogers, Frank Bradway. Selected papers of John Shaw Billings. Baltimore: Medical Library Association, 1965.

Miles, Wyndham D. A history of the National Library of Medicine--The nation's treasure of medical knowledge. Bethesda, Md.: United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1982.

Articles and Pamphlets

"Banquet and presentation in honor of John S. Billings, M.D., LL.D." Medical News 67/7 (December 1895): 634–61.

"Billings the great bibliotheca [editorial]." Journal of the American Medical Association 177/18 (July 1961): 61–62.

"Deaths--John Shaw Billings, M.D." Journal of the American Medical Association 60/11 (15 March 1913): 846.

"Dr. John Shaw Billings, Director of the New York Public Library, 1896–1913." New York: s.n., 1913.

"Dr. Billings' address to a graduating class." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 106/3 (30 March 1883): 305–6.

"John Shaw Billings memorial number." Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine 6/4 (April 1938).

"Medicine in the United States and co-operative investigations." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 115/6 (12 August 1886): 143–44.

"[Obituary]." Bulletin of the New York Public Library 17 (1913): 307–12.

"The one hundredth anniversary of the Army Medical Library." Washington, D.C., 1936.

Allemann, Albert. "[Obituary]" Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift 60 (20 May 1913): 1096.

Barker, Llewellys F. "The early days of the Johns Hopkins Hospital." Maryland Historical Magazine 38/1 (March 1943): 1–18.

Brunton, T. Lauder. "Obituary: John S. Billings, M.D." British Medical Journal 1 (22 March 1913): 642.

Cassedy, James H. "John Shaw Billings as a historian." [Houston, Tex.?: American Osler Society, 2002?].

Curran, Jean A. "John Shaw Billings, medical genius of the 19^th century." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association.42 (1954): 163–71.

Curran, Jean A. "John Shaw Billings--Contributions to the advancement of medical education." Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha. 30/1 (January 1967): 26–31.

Garrison, Fielding H. "In memoriam Dr. John Shaw Billings, Deputy Surgeon-General U.S. Army (1838–1913)." United States: s.n., 1913?

Garrison, Fielding H. "The scientific works of Dr. John Shaw Billings" in National Academy of Sciences. Biographical memoirs vol. VIII. National Academy of Sciences: Washington, D.C., 1919, 385-416.

Garrison, Fielding H. "The quarterly cumulative Index Medicus--What it stands for and how to use it." Journal of the American Medical Association 89 (2 July 1927): 26–29.

Garrison, Fielding H. "Billings: A maker of American medicine." In Lectures on the history of medicine; a series of lectures at the Mayo foundation and the universities of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Northwestern and the Des Moines Academy of Medicine. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1926/1932, 187-200.

Hurd, H. M. "Dr. John Shaw Billings, bibliographer and librarian." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 5 (1915–16): 35–40.

Johns Hopkins Historical Club. "Special meeting, May 26, 1913, in memory of Dr. John Shaw Billings." Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin 25/282 (August 1914): 244–53.

Jones, Harold Wellington. "The Surgeon General's Library and the romance of the Index Catalogue." Hospitals (January 1937). [WZ 100 B598]

Loomis, Alfred L. "New York Academy of Medicine--Opening of the new building, November 20, 1890." Medical Record (29 November 1890): 613–14.

Lydenberg, Harry Miller. "A history of the New York Public Library--Chapter XVII--The circulation department." Bulletin of the New York Public Library 25/5(May 1921): 307–20.

McCulloch, C. C. "The Surgeon-General's Library." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 6 (1916–17): 25–39.

Mears, J. Ewing. "Memoir of John Shaw Billings, M.D." Transactions of the American Surgical Association (1913).

Mitchell, S. Weir. "Memoir of John Shaw Billings"in National Academy of Sciences. Biographical memoirs vol. VIII. National Academy of Sciences: Washington, D.C., 1919, 375-383.

New York Public Library. "Memorial meeting in honor of the late Dr. John Shaw Billings, April 25, 1913." New York, 1913.

Osler, William. "[Obituary]." British Medical Journal 1 (22 March 1913): 641.

Pearl, Raymond. "Some notes on the contributions of Dr. John Shaw Billings to the development of vital statistics." Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine 6 (1938): 387–93.

[Schullian, Dorothy M.] "Alfred Alexander Woodhull, John Shaw Billings, and the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 8 June 1871." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 13/4 (1958): 531–37.

Willcox, W. F. "The past and future development of vital statistics in the United States. I. John Shaw Billings and federal vital statistics." Journal of the American Statistical Association 21 (1926): 257–66.

Woodhull, Alfred A. "Lieut.-Col. John Shaw Billings, U.S. Army, Retired, LL.D., Edin., D.C.L., Oxon." Journal of the Military Service Institute 53 (1913): 328–42.

John Shaw Billings Writings

Articles and Pamphlets

[in chronological order]

--"The surgical treatment of epilepsy." Cincinnati Lancet and Observer 4 (1861): 334–41.

--"Cliffburne Hospital, Washington, D.C." In Medical and surgical history of the War of the Rebellion.

--"Army medical organization." Medical Record (NY) 3 (15 February 1869): 572–78.

--"The Marine Hospital Service." [unsigned editorial] Medical Times (Philadelphia) 1 (15 December 1870): 97.

--"The medical and surgical history of the late war, and the report of the Surgeon-General for 1870." [unsigned editorial] Medical Record (NY) 5(2 January 1871): 493–94.

--"The annual report of the Surgeon-General, and the medical and surgical history of the war." [unsigned editorial] Medical Times (Phila.) 1 (2 January 1871): 118–19.

--"Microscopical memoranda, by Dr. Newlenz ." Medical Times (Phila.) 1 (1 March 1871): 200.

--"The study of minute fungi." American Naturalist 5 (1871): 323–29.

--"The genus Hysterium and some of its allies." American Naturalist 5 (1871): 626–31.

--"On the collection of a large library." (Abstract of a memoir presented December 6, 1873). Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 1 (1871–74): 92–3.

--"Hospital construction and organization." Hospital Plans, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore. New York, 1874: 3–46.

--"Report of committee on the plan for a systematic sanitary survey of the United States." Public Health Papers of the American Public Health Association 2 (1875).

--"The cholera epidemic of 1873 in the United States." Washington: Government Printing Office, 1875.

--"Literature and institutions." In Clarke, Edward H. A Century of American medicine, 1776–1876. Philadelphia: Lea, 1876.

--"Medical libraries in the United States." In U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education. Public libraries in the United States of America; their history, condition, and management; special report, part I. Washington, 1876. Pp. 171–82.

--"Bacteria and spontaneous generation." (Abstract of communication, February 10, 1877). Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 2 (1874–78): 109–10.

--"Higher medical education" (review). American Journal of the Medical Sciences 76 (1878): 174–89.

--"Suggestions with regard to incorporating in the approaching United States Census statistics of diseases as well as of deaths." Public Health Reports and Papers, American Public Health Association 4 (1877–78): 373–75.

--"The rise and progress of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 99 (1878): 769–71.

--"National catalogue of medical literature." Library Journal 3 (1878): 107–8.

--"Introduction on hygiene. Including: I. Prefatory remarks. II. Causes of disease. III. Jurisprudence of hygiene." In Buck, A. H. (ed.) Treatise on hygiene and public health. New York: William Wood & Co., 1 (1879): 1–70.

--"The medical journals of the United States." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 100 (1879): 1–14, 108.

--"The study of sanitary science." Plumber (NY) 2 (1878–79): 125.

--"Ventilation of the House of Representatives." 45^th Congress 3^rd Session HR 116 21 February 1879.

--"Ventilation of the House of Representatives." 45^th Congress, 3^rd Session, House Report 116 (21 February 1879).

--"National health legislation on trial." (review) American Journal of the Medical Sciences 78 (1879): 741–49.

--"The National Board of Health." Plumber (NY) 3 (1879–80): 47, 273.

--"The National Board of Health and national quarantine." Transactions of the American Medical Association 31 (1880): 435–55.

--"The organization and operation of the National Board of Health." Medical Record (NY) 17 (1880): 101–3.

--"Who founded the National Medical Library?" (letter) Medical Record (NY) 17 (1880): 298–99.

--"Letters to a young architect on ventilation and heating." Plumber 3 (1879–80): 132, 154, 171, 191, 211, 233, 251, 271, 291, 311, 331, 351, 371, 392, 415, 432, 463;

Continued in Sanitary Engineer 4 (1880–81): 8, 37, 68, 83, 110, 131, 155, 180, 203, 228, 253, 274, 305, 329, 470, 496, 536, 554;

5 (1881–82): 6, 99, 266;

6 (1882): 369, 492;

7 (1882–83): 6, 122, 219, 339, 434, 602; and

8 (1883): 523.

--"Yellow fever." International Review (NY) 8 (1880): 29–49.

--"Remarks on yellow fever and his term as president of American Public Health Association." Public Health Papers and Reports, American Public Health Association 6 (1880): 472–73.

--"Proceedings of a conference on vital statistics." (National Board of Health) Bulletin 2 (1880), supplement no. 5.

--"Extensive remarks on nomenclature of disease (RCP system, etc.), mortality returns and statistics. (National Board of Health) Bulletin 2 (1880), supplement no. 5: 1–14.

--"Our medical literature." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 105 (1881): 217–22.

--"The experience of the United States in recent years with regard to Asiatic cholera and yellow fever." Transactions of the International Medical Congress (7^th, London) 4 (1881): 416–28.

--"Mortality statistics of the tenth census." Transactions of the American Medical Association 32 (1881): 297–303.

--"Patents on ventilating apparatus." Sanitary Engineer 4 (1880–81): 327.

--"The International Medical Congress." International review (NY) 12 (January 1882): 1–10.

--"The registration of vital statistics." Annual Report of the U.S. National Board of Health, 1882: 355–461.

--"The registration of vital statistics in the United States." National Board of Health Bulletin 3 (1881–82): 295.

--"The information necessary to determine the merits of the heating and ventilation of a school building." Circular of Information of the Bureau of Education, No. 2. Washington,1882. Pp. 11–19.

--"Notes on military medicine in Europe." Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States 3 (1882): 234–47.

--"The vaccination question." Nation (NY) 34 (1882): 201–2.

--"House sanitation in large cities." Sanitary Engineer 5 (1881–82): 338.

--"The heating and ventilation of a school building." Sanitary Engineer 7 (1882–83): 317.

--"Germs and epidemics." Sanitary Engineer 8 (1882–83): 341, 387.

-- "Medical bibliography." Transactions of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1883: 58–80.

--"Report of committee on prevention of venereal diseases--a correction." The Sanitarian 128 (15 March 1883): 168.

--"Papers on vital statistics." Sanitary Engineer 7 (1883): 418, 442, 488, 541, 588; 9 (1883–84): 15, 163; 11 (1884–85): 9, 80, 128, 249.

--The principles of ventilation and heating, and their practical application. New York: The Sanitary Engineer, 1884.

--The World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans, La., 1884–85 (Medical Department, United States Army, Exhibit Class 4, Nos. 5–7).

--"Regulations for hospitals, field hospitals and ambulances." [Washington, D.C.: s.n., ca. 1884].

--"On composite photography as applied to craniology." (Abstract of communication. March 29, 1884). Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 7 (1884): 25–26.

--[Report of resolutions in memory of Joseph Janvier Woodward with abstract of remarks on Dr. Woodward's work, etc.] November 8, 1884. Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 7 (1884): 75–76.

--"The mortality rates of Baltimore; life tables for Baltimore; mortality in different wards; causes of disease." Maryland Medical Journal 10 (1883–84): 487–89.

--"Methods of heating, lighting, and ventilating the Hall of the House of Representatives." 48^th Congress, 1^st Session, HR 1970 24 June 1884.

--"Methods of tabulating and publishing records of deaths." Public Health Papers and Reports, American Public Health Association 11 (1885): 51–66.

--"Remarks" [by Billings on transmission of disease by baled imported rags.] Public Health Papers and Reports, American Public Health Association 11 (1885): 364, 377, 378.

--"Sewage disposal in cities." Harper's Magazine 71 (1885): 577–84.

--"Hygiene." In Pepper, William, ed. A system of practical medicine by American authors. Vol. 1, pathology and general diseases. Philadelphia: Lea, 1885, 173–212.

--"Memoir of Joseph Janvier Woodward." In National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs 2 (1886): 295–307.

--"On museum specimens illustrating biology." (Abstract of communication presented at 288^th meeting of the Philosophical Society of Washington, May 22, 1886). Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 9 (1886–87): 35–36.

--"Hot water and steam compared." Sanitary Engineer 14 (1886): 595.

--"Effect of freezing on the typhoid germ." Sanitary Engineer 15 (1886–87): 211.

--"Methods of research in medical literature." Transactions of the Association of American Physicians 2 (1887): 57–67.

--"On some forms of tables of vital statistics, with special reference to the needs of the health department of a city." Public Health Papers and Reports, American Public Health Association 13 (1887): 203–23.

--"Why a state should have a proper system of vital statistics." Maryland State Board of Health Biennial Report-- 7^th, 1886–87, Annapolis, 1888: 514–18.

--"The United States Census in its relations to sanitation." Public Health Papers and Reports, American Public Health Association 15 (1889): 43–46.

--"Water supply for small towns." Engineering and Building Record 19 (1888–89): 235.

--"House drainage from various points of view." Popular Science Monthly 34 (1888–89): 310–24.

--"The principles of ventilation and heating and their practical application." 2^nd ed. New York: Engineering & Building Record, 1889.

--"Description of the Johns Hopkins hospital." Baltimore: J. Friedenwald, 1890. 116 pp.

--Vital statistics of the Jews in the United States. Washington (U.S. Bureau of the Census. 11^th Census. Bulletin No. 19), 1890. 19 pp.

--"The relations of the physicians of the United States to the next census." Journal of the American Medical Association 14 (1890): 641–43.

--"Social statistics of cities." Census Bulletin 100 (22 July 1891): 3–27.

--"American inventions and discoveries in medicine, surgery and practical sanitation." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 124 (1891): 349–51.

--"A field hospital at Gettysburg." Youth's Companion 2 July 1891: 373.

--"Modern surgery." Youth's Companion 15 October 1891: 547.

--Public health and municipal government. Supplement to Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. Philadelphia, 1891. 23 pp.

--"The condition and prospects of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office, and its Index Catalogue." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 125/14 (1 October 1891): 344–46.

--"Vital statistics of the Jews." North American review. 153 (1891): 70–84.

--"Papers Read--Mechanical methods used in compiling data of the 11^th U.S. Census; with an exhibition of a machine." Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, for the fortieth Meeting, held at Washington, D.C., August 1891. Salem, MA:July 1892. Pp. 407–9.

--"The health of survivors of the war." Forum (NY) 12 (1892): 642–58.

--"The causes of outbreaks of typhoid fever." Medical News (Philadelphia) 61 (1892): 601.

--"Prevalence of consumption in the United States." Transactions of the New York Academy of Medicine 9 (1892): 35–37.

--"How Tom kept bachelor's hall." Youth's Companion 10 November 1892: 598–99.

--"In a draft office." Youth's Companion 17 November 1892: 610.

--A condensed statement of the requirements of the principal university medical schools in Europe with regard to candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Baltimore: privately printed, 1893: 25 p.

--"Description of microscopes from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C." Chicago, Ill.: [s.n.], 1892–93.

--"Hygiene." In Pepper, William, ed. A text-book of theory and practice of medicine by American teachers, vol. 1. Philadelphia: Lea, 1893. Pp. 1–45.

Billings, John S., and William M. Gray. Photomicrographs of normal histology, human and comparative, prepared by direction of the Surgeon-General. Washington, 1893.

--"The human bones of the Hemenway collection in the United States Army Medical Museum at Washington. By Dr. Washington Matthews, [and] with observations on the hyoid bones of this collection, by Dr. J. W. Wortman. Reports presented to the National Academy of Sciences with the approval of the Surgeon-General of the United States Army, by Dr. John S. Billings." Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 6 (1893): 141–286.

--"War Department exhibit, Medical Department, United States Army -- No. 5 Description of microscopes [and] selected specimens from the Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C." World's Columbian Expositions, Chicago, Ill., 1892–3. Chicago, 1893. 20 pp.

--"Vital statistics of the District of Columbia and Baltimore covering a period of six years ending May 31, 1890." U.S. 52^nd Congress. 1^st Session. House Misc. Doc. 340, part 8. Washington, 1893. 241 pp.

--"The population of the earth." Chautauquan 16(1892–93): 527–30.

--"Effects of his occupation upon the physician." International Journal of Ethics 4 (1893): 40–48.

--"Medicine as a career." Forum (NY) 14 (1893): 725–34.

--"Municipal sanitation defects in American cities." Forum (NY) 15 (1893): 304–10.

--"Municipal sanitation in Washington and Baltimore." Forum (NY) 15 (1893): 727–37.

--"Municipal sanitation in New York and Brooklyn." Forum (NY) 16 (1893–94): 346–54.

--"Hospital Historical Club. Rare book. (Symphorien Champier)." Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 4 (1893): 99–100.

--"The city's health. Dr. Billings explains the plan of the Sanitary League." The [Washington] Evening Star, 15 March 1893.

--"The city's health. Vital statistics for different sections of Washington." The [Washington] Evening Star, 18 November 1893.

--Bibliography (preliminary) of the literature on the physiological and pathological effects of alcohol and alcoholic drinks. Edited by the Committee of Fifty for the Investigation of the Liquor Problem. Washington: Judd & Detweiler, 1894. 28 pp.

Billings, John S., and Henry M. Hurd, eds. "The relation of hospitals to public health." In Hospitals, dispensaries and nursing. Papers and discussions in the International Congress of Charities, Correction and Philanthropy, section iii, June 12^th to 17^th, 1893. Baltimore, 1894. Pp. 1–7.

--"The diminishing birth-rate in the United States." Forum 15 (March–August 1893): 467–77.

--"Methods of teaching surgery." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 130 (1894): 535–38; also American Surgical Association Transactions 12 (1894): 77–87.

--"Compulsory notification of tuberculosis." Philadelphia Polyclinic 3 (1894): 73.

--"Water supply and sewage disposal in some large European cities." Engineering and Building Record 30 (1894): 395–97; also in Food (NY) 5 (1894–95): 187–96.

Billings, John S., and Adelaide Ward Peckham. "The influence of certain agents in destroying the vitality of the typhoid and of the colon bacillus." Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution to the Congress of the United States, 1894: 451–58; also in Science 1 (1895): 169–74.

--"The health of Boston and Philadelphia." Forum (NY) 17 (1894): 595–602.

--"The bacteria of river waters." In Wright, James Homer, Report on the results of an examination of the water supply of Philadelphia. [Washington: Government Printing Office, 1895.]

Billings, John S., S. Weir Mitchell, and D. H. Bergey. The composition of expired air and its effects upon animal life. Washington, 1895. 81 pp.

--"The history and literature of surgery." In Dennis, Frederic S., and John Shaw Billings, eds. System of Surgery vol. 1. Philadelphia: Lea, 1895. Pp. 17–144.

Billings, John S. and Henry M. Hurd, with an introduction by S. Weir Mitchell. Suggestions to hospital and asylum visitors. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1895. 48 pp.

--"Municipal mortality statistics." University Medical Magazine (Philadelphia) 7 (1894–95): 721–29.

--"A card catalogue of scientific literature." Science 1 (1895): 406–8.

--"Degeneration, by Max Nordau." (review) Science 1 (1895): 465–67.

--"The climates and baths of Great Britain." (review) Science 1 (1895): 454–55.

--"The world's debt to medicine." Chautauquan20 (March 1895): 668–72.

--"The world's debt to modern sanitary science." Chautauquan21 (April 1895): 18–23.

--"Medical statistics." In Allbutt, Thomas Clifford, ed. A system of medicine vol. 1. New York: Macmillan, 1896. Pp. 3–20.

--"Statistics of deaths." In Report on vital and social statistics in the United States at the Eleventh Census, 1890, part 4. Washington, 1894–96. 1033 pp.

--[International catalogue of scientific works; letter of Simon Newcomb and John S. Billings to the Secretary of State, October 15, 1896]. The Smithsonian Institution; documents relative to its origin and history, vol. 2. Washington, 1901. Pp. 1770–71.

--"The influence of the Smithsonian Institution upon the development of libraries, the organization and work of societies, and the publication of scientific literature in the United States." Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896; the history of its first half century. Washington, 1897. Pp. 815–22.

--"Progress of medicine in the nineteenth century." Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution to the Congress of the United States, 1900: 637–44; also in New York Evening Post, 12 January 1901.

--"Cooperation with the public library." Columbia University Quarterly. 2 (March 1900): 118–22.

--"The card catalogue of a great public library." Library Journal 26 (1901): 377–83.

--"The organization of the New York Public Library." Library Journal 27/7 (1902): 215–17.

--"Data relating to the use of alcoholic drinks among brain workers in the United States." In W. O. Atwater, J. S. Billings, H. P. Bowditch, R. H. Chittenden, and W. H. Welch. Physiological aspects of the liquor problem, vol. 1. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1903. Pp. 307–38.

--"Relations of drink habits to insanity." In W. O. Atwater, J. S. Billings, H. P. Bowditch, R. H. Chittenden, and W. H. Welch. Physiological aspects of the liquor problem, vol. 1. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1903. Pp. 339–55.

--A discussion of the vital statistics of the twelfth census. Washington, 1904. 24 pp.

--"The Carnegie Institution." Journal of the American Medical Association 42 (1904): 1674–75.

--"Medical reminiscences of the Civil War." Transactions of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 27 (1905): 115–21.

--"The king's touch for scrofula." Proceedings of the Charaka Club 2 (1906): 58–71.

--"Public library systems of greater New York." Library Journal 36 (1911): 489–92.

--"The New York Public Library." Century (NY) 81 (1911): 839–52; also in Library Journal 36 (1911): 233–37.

Books and Monographs

[in chronological order]

Billings, John S., and John M. Woodworth. Cholera epidemic of 1873 in the United States. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1875.

--Bibliography of cholera. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1875.

Billings, John S., Edward H. Clarke, Henry J. Bigelow, Samuel D. Gross, and T. Gaillard Thomas. A century of American medicine, 1776–1876. Philadelphia: H. C. Lea, 1876.

Billings, John S., Robert Fletcher, and Fielding H. Garrison. Index medicus. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1879-1927.

--Index-catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office, United States Army. Authors and subjects. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1932.

-- ed. The national medical dictionary: including English, French, German, Italian, and Latin technical terms used in medicine and the collateral sciences, and a series of tables of useful data. Philadelphia: Lea, 1890.

--Public health and municipal government. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science, [1891].

--Ventilation and heating. New York: The Engineering Record, 1893.

--Vital statistics of the District of Columbia and Baltimore covering a period of six years ending May 31, 1890. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1893.

--Vital statistics of New York City and Brooklyn, covering a period of six years ending May 31, 1890. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1894.

Billings, John S., and Henry M. Hurd, eds. Hospitals, dispensaries and nursing: Papers and discussions in the International Congress of Charities, Correction and Philanthropy, section III, Chicago, June 12 to 17^th 1893. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1894.

--Vital statistics of Boston and Philadelphia, covering a period of six years ending May 31, 1890. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1895.

Billings, John S., S. Weir Mitchell, and D. H. Bergey. The composition of expired air and its effects upon animal life. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1895.

Billings, John S., and Henry M. Hurd. Suggestions to hospital and asylum visitors. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1895.

Dennis, Frederic S., ed. assisted by John S. Billings. System of surgery. Philadelphia, Lea Brothers & Co., 1895–96.

Billings, John S., and Adelaide Ward Peckham. The influence of certain agents in destroying the vitality of the typhoid and of the colon bacillus. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1896. [WZ 100 B598]

--Memorandum on classification in the New York Public Library. New York: The New York Public Library, 1899.

Reports

[in chronological order]

Billings, John S., and Edward Curtis. Report of results of examinations of fluids of diseased cattle with reference to presence of cryptogamic growths. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1869.

--Reports on the diseases of cattle in the United States made to the Commissioner of Agriculture, with accompanying documents. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1869.

--A report on barracks and hospitals, with descriptions of military posts. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1870.

--Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture on the diseases of cattle in the United States. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1871.

--A report on the hygiene of the United States Army, with descriptions of military posts. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1875.

--"Report of Committee on the Plan for a Systematic Sanitary Survey of the United States" (Submitted at the annual meeting in Baltimore, November 10, 1875). Public Health Reports and Papers, American Public Health Association 2 (1874–75): 41–46.

Johns Hopkins Hospital. Reports and papers relating to construction and organization nos. 1–3, 5. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1876.

--"Final report of a board of U.S. officers convened by request of a special committee of the House of Representatives of the 44^th Congress to advise with regard to the ventilation of the House." In Ventilation of the hall of the House, 45^th Congress, 2^nd Session, HR 119, 4 February 1878.

--"Report upon the work of the yellow fever commission." Public Health Reports and Papers, American Public Health Association 4 (1877–78): 361–62.

--"Report of the committee charged with making a sanitary survey of Memphis, Tenn." Annual report of the National Board of Health, 1879: 237–62; 1880: 416–41.

--"Report of Committee on the Nomenclature of Diseases and on Vital Statistics." Annual report of National Board of Health, 1880: 537–94.

--"The report of the Advisory Council on National Sanitary Legislation." Public Health Papers and Reports, American Public Health Association 6 (1880): 385–401.

--Report on the mortality and vital statistics of the United States as returned at the tenth census (June 1, 1880). Washington, 1885–86.

--St. Augustine-- Report upon her present sanitary condition. New York: Trow Directory, Printing and Bookbinding Co., 1892.

--"A report on the etiology and vital statistics of diphtheria and croup. Presented on behalf of the American Committee to the Eighth International Congress of Hygiene and Demography at Buda-Pesth." British Medical Journal 2 (1894): 578–79.

--Report on the insane, feeble-minded, deaf and dumb, and blind in the United States. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1895.

--Report on the social statistics of cities in the United States at the eleventh census: 1890. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1895.

--"Report of the committee appointed by the Smithsonian Institution to award the Hopkins Fund Prizes. August 8, 1895. S. P. Langley, G. Brown Goode, J. S. Billings, and Mark W. Harrington." Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution to the Congress of the United States, 1895: 13.

--"Some ideas in hospital construction. Report made to the Memphis City Council upon plans proposed for the new city hospital." Memphis Medical Monthly 17 (May, June and July 1897): 193, 249, 309.

Billings, John S., and others. The liquor problem; a summary of investigations conducted by the Committee of Fifty, 1893–1903. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1905.

Speeches and Lectures

[in chronological order]

--"On some minute fungi." (Abstract of a paper read February 5, 1872). Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 1 (1871–74): 42–43.

--"Abstract of special reports by Army medical officers on the effect of mountain climates upon health." (Read at annual meeting, Philadelphia, November 12, 1874). Public Health Reports and Papers, American Public Health Association 2 (1874–75): 148–50.

--"Notes on hospital construction." (Read at annual meeting, Philadelphia, November 10, 1874). Public Health Reports and Papers, American Public health Association 2 (1874–75): 384–88.

--"Remarks on medical topography." (Read at the annual meeting in Baltimore, November 10, 1875). Public Health Reports and Papers, American Public Health Association 2 (1874–75): 47–54.

--"The rights, duties, and privileges of the community in relation to those of the individual in regard to public health." (Address at the annual meeting in Boston, October 5, 1876). Public Health Reports and Papers, American Public Health Association 3 (1875–76): 49–52.

--"On the plans for the Johns Hopkins Hospital at Baltimore." (A lecture given to the medical profession of Baltimore, February 5, 1877). Part I: Medical Record (NY) 12 (24 February 1877): 129–33; Part II: Medical Record (NY) 12 (3 March 1877): 145–48.

-- "Medical Education -- Extracts from Lectures Delivered Before the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1877–78." Baltimore: Wm. E. Boyle & Son, 1878.

--"Address in state medicine and public hygiene." Transactions of the American Medical Association 30 (1879): 275–91.

--"Remarks on the sanitary condition of Memphis." Proceedings and addresses at the Sanitary Convention held at Detroit, Michigan, 1880: 69–72.

--"The president's address at the eighth annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, New Orleans, December 7, 1880." Public Health Papers and Reports, American Public Health Association 6 (1880): 1–11.

--"The scientific work carried on under the direction of the National Board of Health." (Abstract of remarks, November 20, 1880). Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 4 (1880–81): 37–39.

--"Measures by which to prevent the diffusion of different communicable diseases from country to country, or within the limits of any single country." In Transactions of the International Medical Congress 4 (1881): 416–24.

--"On the ventilation of the House of Representatives." (Abstract of remarks. April 8, 1882). Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 5 (1881–82): 99–100.

--"Address to the graduating class of Bellevue Hospital Medical College." (Delivered March 15, 1882). Medical News (Philadelphia) 40 (1882): 285–88.

--"Germs and epidemics." (Abstract of lecture at U.S. National Museum). Science 1 (1883): 456–57.

--"Annual address -- Medical bibliography." Baltimore: Isaac Friedenwald, 1883.

Billings, John S., and Washington Matthews. "On a new craniophore for use in making composite photographs of skulls." (Read April 22, 1885). Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 3 (1886): 105–16.

Billings, John S., and Washington Matthews. "On a new craniophore for use in making composite photographs of skulls." (Read November 12, 1885). Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 3 (1886): 119.

--"Medicine in the United States, and its relations to co-operative investigation." British Medical Journal 2 (14 August 1886): 299–307.

--"Scientific men and their duties." (The President's address before the Philosophical Society of Washington, December 4, 1886). Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 9 (1886–87): xxxv–lvi.

--"Methods of research in medical literature." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 116/25 (23 June 1887): 597–600.

--"Medical museums, with special reference to the Army Medical Museum at Washington." New Haven, Conn.: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1888.

--"The history of medicine." (delivered before the Lowell Institute of Boston). Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 118/3 (19 January 1888): 57–60.

--"The Medical College of Ohio before the war." (delivered at the annual commencement, March 7, 1888). Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic 20 (1888): 297–305.

--"On vital and medical statistics." (The Cartwright lectures delivered before the Alumni Association of the College of Physicians of New York in November, 1889). Medical Record (NY) 36 (1889): 589–601, 617–627, 645–655.

--"Biographical memoir of Spencer Fullerton Baird." (read before the National Academy of Sciences, April 17, 1889). National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs 3 (1895): 141–60.

--"Rare medical books." (remarks at the meeting of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, December 16, 1889). Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 1 (1890): 29–31.

--"The plans and purposes of the Johns Hopkins Hospital: an address delivered at the opening of the hospital, May 7, 1889." Medical News (Philadelphia) 54 (1889): 505–10.

--"On medical libraries." (synopsis of remarks made at opening of new building, New York Academy of Medicine, November 20, 1890).  Medical Record 38 (28 November 1890): 613.

--"Public health and municipal government." Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1891.

--"Words on behalf of the delegates and physicians from the United States in appreciation of the Congress." (delivered at International Medical Congress 10, Berlin, 4–9 August 1890). Verhandlungen des X. internationalen medicinischen Congresses, Berlin 4–9 August 1890: 2 (1891): 216.

--"Can the reports of the sick and the sanitary statements of the different armies be arranged according to a scheme essentially uniform for the purpose of gaining statistics of scientific worth for comparison of diseases, wounds and deaths in times of peace and war?" Verhandlungen des X. internationalen medicinischen Congresses, Berlin 4–9 August 1890: 5/18 (1891): 107–34.

--"American inventions and discoveries in medicine, surgery and practical sanitation." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 124/15 (9 April 1891): 349–351.

--"Ideals of medical education." (delivered before the Medical Faculty of Yale College, June 23, 1891). Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 124 (1891): 619–23;125 (1891): 1–4.

--"Ideals of medical education." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 125/1 (2 July 1891): 1–4.

--Addresses delivered before the Mutual Aid Association of the Philadelphia County Medical Society for the Relief of the Widows and Orphans of Medical Men, December 14, 1892. By Drs. Billings, Keen, and Willard, and George D. McCreary, esq. [Philadelphia: The Society?], 1892. 11 pp.

--"Celebration of the beginning of the second century of the American patent system at Washington City, D.C., April 8, 9, 10, 1891." Washington, D.C.: Gedney & Roberts, 1892.

--"The objects, plans and needs of the Laboratory of Hygiene. An address delivered at the opening of the Laboratory of Hygiene of the University of Pennsylvania, Feb. 22, 1892." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 126 (25 February 1892): 181–84.

Egbert, Seneca, ed. A syllabus of the lectures on hygiene, vital statistics, etc., at the University of Pennsylvania, by John Shaw Billings and Alexander C. Abbott. Philadelphia: Collins, 1892.

--"Remarks by Maj. J. S. Billings, Surgeon, U. S. Army [on the ambulance corps during the Civil War, etc.]" Pan American Medical Congress 1^st Washington, D.C., September 5–8, 1893 1 (1895): 721–22.

--"The influence of light upon the bacillus of typhoid and the colon bacillus. Presenting results of an investigation by Adelaide W. Peckham. Read April 19, 1894." Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 7 (1894): 477–82.

--"On the influence of insolation upon culture media and of dessication upon the vitality of the bacillus of typhoid, of the colon bacillus, and of the Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus." (presented October 30, 1894). Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 7 (1894): 483–84.

--[Remarks, meeting of the Harvard Medical Alumni Association, June 26, 1894.] Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 131 (1894): 140–42.

--"Hygiene in medical education." (delivered to the University Extension Classes, Oxford, England, August 7, 1894). Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 131/6 (9 August 1894): 125–31.

--"John Arderne and early English medical writers." (read before the Hospital Historical Club, February 12, 1894). Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 5 (1894): 21–22.

--"Waste." (address on commencement day at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, June 20, 1895). Oxford, Ohio: Press of the Oxford News Co., 1895.

--The William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine. (Address given at the opening of the laboratory, December 4, 1895). [Philadelphia: The Laboratory, 1895]. 15 pp.

--[Address at the dedication of the new building of the Boston Medical Library, January 12, 1901]. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 144 (1901): 61–63.

--"Biographical memoir of Francis Amasa Walker, 1840–1897. (read before the National Academy of Sciences, April 17, 1902). National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs 5 (1902): 209–18.

--"Some library problems of to-morrow -- President's address to the American Library Association, June 17, 1902." Library Journal 27/7 (1902): 1–9.

--"The military medical officer at the opening of the twentieth century." (address to the graduating class of the Army Medical School at Washington, April 14, 1903). Journal of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 12 (1903): 349–58.

--"Address given at the opening of the new library building at Radcliffe College, Cambridge, April 27, 1908." Radcliffe Magazine 10 (1908): 107–17.

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