ExhibitionBoundary Crossing / 1818
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4. Essai Théorique et Expérimentale sur le Galvanisme, 1804
Illustration from Essai Théorique et Expérimentale sur le Galvanisme (Theoretical and Practical Essay on Galvanism), 1804
Author: Giovanni Aldini (1762–1834)
Courtesy National Library of Medicine
To the astonishment of his audience, when Italian physician Giovanni Aldini applied electricity to a beheaded ox, the eyes opened, the tongue moved, and the nose of the animal stirred.